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Forces & Motion
chapters 5 and 6.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| reference point | an object that appears to stay in one place and is used to help determine the relative motion of a second object |
| motion | an object's change in position relative to a reference point |
| speed | the distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred; distance divided by time; meters per second is the SI unit; does not keep track of direction |
| velocity | the speed of an object in a particular direction; distance divided by time in a particular direction |
| acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes over time; occurs if speed, direction, or both of these factors change; (final velocity minus starting velocity) divided by the time required to change the velocity |
| force | a push or pull exerted on an object in order to change the motion of the object; includes both size and direction |
| net force | the combination of all the forces acting on an object; same direction forces are added together while opposite direction forces are subtracted; balanced forces result in no motion |
| newton | the SI unit for force (N) |
| inertia | the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion or position; measured in terms of mass |
| friction | a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact |
| static friction | friction between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other |
| sliding friction | the frictional force which opposes the actual relative sliding motion between two contact surfaces |
| rolling friction | the resistive force that slows down the motion of a rolling ball or wheel |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object; SI unit is the g or kg |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; SI unit is N |
| air resistance | the force that opposes the motion of objects through air; depends on size, shape, and speed of the object |
| gravity | a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses |
| terminal velocity | the constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity |
| free fall | the motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on the body; can only occur where there is no air |
| projectile motion | the curved path that an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise projected near the surface of Earth; its two components are horizontal motion and vertical motion |
Created by:
ritajrogers
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