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RSPT chp 36 Egans
Aerosol drug therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the output rate | Mass of aerosol generated per unit of time |
| Particle size depends on what 3 factors | Substance being nebulizer, method used, environmental conditions |
| What are the methods to measure the aerosol particle distribution | Cascade impaction and laser diffraction |
| What factors are deposition influenced by | Inspiratory flow rate, flow pattern, respiratory rate, inhaled volume, I:E ratio and breath holding |
| What are they key mechanisms of aerosol deposition | Inertial impaction, gravimetric sedimentation, Brownian diffusion |
| Name some factors of inertial impaction | Occurs when aerosol in motion collides with & are deposited on surface, larger particles >5 um. The greater the velocity and mass the greater the tendency of the object to keep in motion |
| When does sedimentation occur | When particles settle out of suspension and are deposited due to the gravity. The greater the mass of the particles the faster it settles |
| What is Brownian diffusion | This is the primary deposition mechanism for very small particles <3um |
| What is aerosol aging | Process by which aerosol suspension changes over time |
| What does aerosol aging depend on | Composition of aerosol, initial size of the particles, time in suspension and ambient condition |
| What are hazards of aerosol therapy | Primary hazard is reaction to medication, infection, airway reactivity, pulmonary and systemic effects of bland aerosols, drug concentration change during nebulization, eye irritation |
| What is an MDI | Metered dose inhaler- most commonly prescribed method of aerosol, easy to use, portable, most have limitations |
| Name some factors that affect the performance and delivery of an MDI | Temp. Need to be kept in a warm place, and nozzle size and cleanliness, priming before first use and timing of actuation dose |
| What particle size is produced from an MDI | 2-6 um particle size 80% of aerosol deposits in oropharynx |
| What are some MDI accessory devices | Breath-actuated, spacers, holding chambers |
| Dry powder inhalers DPI | Patient creates aerosol by drawing air through dose of finely milled drug powder, efficiency depends on the amount of inspiratory flow is inhaled |
| What are the different types of DPI's | Unit dose, multiple unit dose, multiple dose drug reservoir |
| Name the factors that effect the performance of DPI | Intrinsic resistance and inspiratory flow rate, exposure to humidity and moisture, patients inspiratory flow ability |
| What's the minimum amount that a patient must generate on the inspiratory flow to use a DPI | 40-60 l/m |
| What is used to prevent inertial impaction | A spacer esp. With a steroid |
| What factors effect the performance of a jet nebulizer | Nebulizer design, gas pressure, gas density, medication characteristics |
| What are the 4 categories of small volume nebulizer | Continuous with simple reservoir, continuous nebulizer with collection reservoir bag, breath enhanced, breath actuated nebulizer |
| When are large volume jet nebulizer used most often | When traditional dosing strategies for patients with bronchospasm are not effective |
| What are different types of large volume jet nebulizers | HEART, wrestled, HOPE, SPAG- small particle aerosol generator used to administer ribavirin |
Created by:
pearlekg
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