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Microbiology
CH. 4 Microbiology BSP
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS | the onset of life-threatening illnesses that compromise the immune system as a result of the HIV infection and disease |
| acquired immunity | an immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a disease or through inoculation. |
| active (vegetative) stage | the stage in which bacteria grow and reproduce |
| aseptic | free of disease and germs |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria that produce disease such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diohtheria |
| bacteria | one-celled microorganisms, also known as germs or microbes |
| bloodborne pathogens | disease causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids |
| cocci | round-shaped bacteria that appears singly or in grooups |
| contagious (communicable) | a disease that may be transmitted by contact |
| diplococci | round-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as pneumonia |
| flagella | hair-like extensions that propel bacteria through liquid |
| fungi | plant parasites such as molds, mildew, yeasts, and rusts that can cause ringworm and favus. |
| general infection | an infection that results when the bloodstream carries bacteria or viruses to all parts of the body |
| hepatitis | a bloodborne disease marked by inflammation of the liver |
| human disease carrier | a person who is immune to a disease, but harbors germs that can infect others |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | the virus that causes AIDS |
| immunity | the ability of the body to resist invasion by bacteria and to destroy bacteria once they have entered the body |
| inactive stage | the stage in which bacteria do not grow or reproduce |
| infection | the result when the body is unable to cope with the invasion of bacteria and their harmful toxins |
| local infection | an infection that is limited to a specific area of the body |
| mitosis | the division of cells during reproduction |
| MRSA | acronym for methicilln-resistant; Staphylococcus aureus, a type of staph infection resistant to certain antibiotics. |
| natural immunity | natural resistance to disease that is partially inherited and partially developed |
| nonpathogenic | beneficial or harmless bacteria that perform many useful function |
| objective symptoms | symptoms that can be seen by anyone |
| parasites | plant or animal organisms that live on other living organisms without giving anything in return |
| pathogen | harmful, disease-producing bacteria |
| pediculosis | a contagious infestation caused by the head or body louse |
| pus | a fluid that contains white blood cells, dead and living bacteria, waste matter, tissue elements, and body cells, a sign of infection |
| scabies | a contagious disorder caused by the itch mite |
| sepis | a poisoned state caused by the absorption of pathogenic microorganisms into the bloodstream |
| spirilla | curved or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that can cause syphilis and Lyme disease |
| spore-forming bacteria | certain bacteria that have the ability to form protective spores to survive an inactive stage |
| staphylococci | pus-forming bacteria that cause abscesses, pustules, pimples, and boils |
| streptococci | pus-forming bacteria that cause infections such as strep throat, tonsillitis, other lung and throat diseases, and blood poisoning |
| subjective syptoms | symptoms that can be felt or experienced only by the person infected |
| virus | an infectious agent that lives only by penetrating cells and becoming a part of them. |
| What are bacteria? | One-celled microorganisms also known as germs or microbes |
| What are two types of bacteria? | Nonpathogenic, which are benefi cial or harmless bacteria that perform many useful functions; and pathogenic, which are harmful, disease-producing bacteria |
| What are three forms of pathogenic bacteria and what are their shapes? | Cocci-round; Bacillli-rod-shaped; Spirilla-spiral/corkscrew-shaped |
| How do bacteria move about? | By means of hair-like projections called flagella or cilia |
| How do bacteria multiply? | By dividing in half through a process called mitosis |
| What are the characteristics of the active stage of bacteria? | It is also known as the vegetative stage and is the reproduction stage of bacteria. |
| What are the characteristics of the inactive stage of bacteria? | The stage in which bacteria do not grow or reproduce. Some bacteria lie dormant and others die off. |
| What are two types of pathogenic bacteria that can form spores? | Anthrax and tetanus bacilli |
| What is the name of the most common pus-forming human bacteria? | Staphylococci |
| How can infections be controlled or prevented? | Through personal hygiene, effective sanitation, and public-sanitation procedures. |
| What is a local infection? | An infection in one spot or area of the body |
| What is a general infection? | One that carries pathogenic bacteria through the bloodstream to all parts of the body |
| What are the differences between bacteria and viruses? | Bacteria are organisms that can live on their own; viruses live only by penetrating cells and becoming a part of them. |
| What is the definition of natural immunity? Acquired immunity? | Natural immunity is a natural resistance to disease that is partially inherited and partially developed through hygienic living; acquired immunity is developed after the body has overcome a disease or through inoculations. |
| Why is hepatitis more easily contracted than HIV? | Because it is present in all body fluids |
| What is the name of the virus that causes AIDS? | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| What is AIDS? | It is the onset of life-threatening illnesses that compromise the immune system as a result of HIV infection and disease. |
| What are some methods that can be used to destroy bacteria | Disinfectants, intense heat (boiling, steaming, baking, or burning), and ultraviolet-rays |
| Identify the type of bacteria that causes MRSA. | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Why might a MRSA infection be difficult to cure? | Because it is is resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin. |
| How might bloodborne pathogens be transmitted during barbering services? | Through contaminated tools or implements that have come into contact with infected blood or body fluids, and through blood-to-blood contact. |
| Name two types of parasites and the conditions they cause. | Plant parasites or fungi produce contagious skin diseases such as ringworm or favus. Animal parasites cause contagious infestations like scabies (itch mite) and pediculosis (lice). |
| What is a contagious or communicable disease? | A disease that can be spread from one person to another by contact. |
Created by:
BSPittsburgh
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