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Hapsburg Empire
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Philip II
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Age of Absolutism

Age of Absolutism (West)

QuestionAnswer
Hapsburg Empire Started in Austria, built from marriage, $, military, included Spain, the Netherlands, and Holy Roman Empire
Philip II Hapsburg ruler of Spain in 1500's ("century of gold"), defended Catholicism
Absolute Monarch Single hereditary ruler having complete power
Divine Right Belief that monarchs got their power, position from God
Armada Spain/Philip II's fleet, defeated by England/Queen Elizabeth I in 1588
Huguenots French Calvanists (Protestants)
Henry IV Huguenot who became French king, converted to Catholicism
Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV, gave Huguenots rights of worship, self-protection
Cardinal Richelieu Advisor to Louis XIII (13th), expanded France's influence
Louis XIV The Sun King
Versailles Palace built by Louis XIV, also home to 10,000 nobles
Balance of Power Prevent war in Europe
James I Part of Scotland's ruling Stuart family. Became King of England after Elizabeth I's death. Conflicts with Parliament, Puritans
Puritans Wanted Anglican Church to be more Protestant. Dominated Parliaments House of Commons. Conflicts with Stuart Kings.
Charles I Fought Parliament in English Civil War. Tried and executed as a traitor
Oliver Cromwell Led Parliament's army in the English Civil War. After - ruled as a dictator/Lord Protector
English Bill of Rights Signed by William and Mary. Guarantees of individual rights
Limited Monarchy Government in which a constitution or law making group limits a monarch's power
Constitutional Government Government with powers defined by law
Cabinet group of advisors, heads of different government departments
Oligarchy Government ruled by a small powerful upper class
Two main issues of Monarchy and Parliament 1. Taxes 2. Wars
Tudor Monarchs Henry VIII - Intimidation Elizabeth I - Political Skill
1603 Death of Queen Elizabeth I - No Heir!
Parliament Did not make laws - it only consulted on taxes
Stuarts Former ruling family of Scotland, took over England
James I Scotsman (not English) Catholic Believed in Divine Right
Stuarts issues with Parliament Puritans - Wanted to make Anglican church less Catholic, included many members of the House of Commons Enclosure of Land - nobles fenced off their land for their own sheep, closed out smaller lower/middle class farmers Wars and Taxes
Three key elements of Magna Carta -Even the Monarchy must obey the law -Early listing of individual rights -No unfair taxes
1649: What happened to Charles I? -Fled to Scotland -Parliament offered ransom -Scotland handed him over -Parliament tried him for treason against his own country then beheaded him!
Cromwell's Experiments in Government Commonwealth - Republic (ruled by elected leaders) Assembly of Saints - elected by local (Puritan) church members Protectorate - military dictatorship
Effects of Cromwell's government (Cromwell as "Lord Protector") -Religious wars against Catholics in Scotland and Ireland -Called and dismissed Parliament at will -Strict Puritan society (dress code, ban on dancing and signing, etc) -Limits on protest and speech
1660 -Death of Cromwell Parliament brought back Charles II - "restoration" of the monarchy
1660-1688 - Glorious Revolution Non-violent change to a constitutional monarchy
Development of Political Parties Tories - stronger monarchy Whigs - weaker monarchy Cabinet - advisors/heads of gvt depts Prime Minister - head of cabinet. Elected by Parliament
Elizabeth I Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn "middle road" Religion placed nationalism ahead of Anglican-Catholic conflicts English Renaissance Arts and Sciences established Eng as a sea power
Sea Dogs English Captains who raided Spanish ships
Frances Drake #1 Sea Dog, knighted by Elizabeth I
1588 Spanish Armada 130 Ships; 27,000 men English ships were smaller, faster, maneuvered better 1/2 of Armada lost in battle, still more in storms
Effects of Armada's defeat 1. loss of Spanish prestige 2. England became a major power
1550-1650 Siglo de Oro ("Century of Gold") High point in Spanish arts and literature (like a Spanish Renaissance) Financed by gold, silver, and other resources from Spanish colonies
El Greco "The Greek" Trained in Italy Elongated fingers "cool" flesh tones Ancestor of Salvador Dali
Diego Velazquez Court painter for Philip IV Realistic in detail and feeling Pioneer of "direct painting"
Miguel de Cervantes Most famous author of Spain's golden century Don Quixote - pokes fun at medieval chivalry and ideas od nobility and heroism
Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) Raised as a Huguenot (Calvanist) Attempted to end religious conflicts Converted to Catholicism to please the French majority Edict of Nantes Allowed Huguenots religious freedom
1618-1648 Thirty Years' War Religious Civil War in the Holy Roman Empire (catholic vs Protestant)
Why did Henry VIII work with Parliament? He constantly needed money for wars When he split from the Catholic Church, he needed their support
What was the Petition of Right? A document that prohibited the king from raising taxes without Parliament's approval or putting people in prison who hadn't broken any laws
What was the result of the English Civil War? Parliament won; Charles I was executed
What was the Commonwealth? The English republic formed by Oliver Cromwell
What was the Glorious Revolution? A bloodless (non-violent) overthrow of James II Made England a constitutional monarchy
What three political institutions contributed to the evolution of Britain's constitutional government? Political Parties Cabinet Prime Minister
How did British society remain divided? Women and the poor were not allowed to vote or take part in government Class division was still an issue
Why did Charles V divide the Hapsburg Empire? The empire was too spread out to be ruled by one person Central empire went to Charles' brother Ferdinand Spain and the Netherlands to Charles' son Philip II
What were Philip II's motivations for waging war? Enforce rel. unity and defend the Catholic faith against Prot. movements Keep the Ottoman Empire from getting control of the Mediterranean Put down Protestant uprisings in the Netherlands End English attacks on Spanish shipping by preparing an armada
What was the Siglo de Oro? "Century of Gold"/"Golden Century" 1550-1650
What rights did the Edict of Nantes extend to Huguenots? Religious toleration Allowed them to fortify their towns and have their own armies
Why did Louis XIV choose the sun as his symbol? It represented the idea that he was the center of the nation, just as the sun was known to be the center of the universe
How did Louis XIV secure support from the nobility? Kept them tied to the king through life at Versailles Exempted them from paying taxes
How did Louis' actions weaken France's economy? Wars cost a lot of money Persecution of Huguenots took productive people out of the system
Created by: mrsvaldez
 

 



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