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Pharmacology Exam Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Define Drug | Chemical substance that affect that mind/body Used in diagnosis treatment or prevention of the disease Illegal substance |
| Differentiate between prescription repeats and prescription renewals | Repeats: A continuation of long term medications Renewals: Extension of prescriptions that have run out |
| Describe sustained release | Cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication |
| What can drugs be classified by? | Function, Effects, Body System |
| Name and describe the different effects of drugs | Therapeutic action: the purpose for giving the drug side effects/ adverse side effects: every drug has potential side effects Allergies: A Serious reaction to a drug |
| Name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action | Local- we the drug affects the site of application only Systemic- Circulate in the blood stream Cumulative- Accumulates faster than it can be metabolized |
| Name and describe the classifications of drug by use | Therapeutic: taken to relieve symptoms, diagnostic: used to perform diagnostic tests i.e enema, curative drugs: given to overcome a disease, infection other conditions, replacement: taken to "replace" a hormone, prophylactic: given to prevent a condtion |
| What are the four names that can be given to a single drug? | Chemical, Generic, Trade and Botanical |
| What are the two methods of dispensing drugs | Prescription, over the counter |
| What is enteric-coated | Allows pills to bypass the stomach |
| What is pharmacist | A health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs |
| What is pharmacology ? | The study/descriptions of drugs, their composition actions and effects, a biological science |
| What is pharamacy | A licensed business involved in dispensing drugs |
| When are drug errors more likely made? | When taking over the phone prescriptions, transcription |
| Synergism | A combination of two drugs that causes a effect that is greater than the sum of individual effects of each drug given alone |
| Inhalation | Administration of drugs in gases or vapour form through the nose or mouth |
| Antidote | Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug |
| Stimulant | Agent that excited and promotes activity |
| Antihypertensive | Agent that lowers blood pressure |
| Hypnotic | Agent that produces sleep |
| Iatrogenic | An effect that is produced as an individual sensitivity to a drug |
| Parental | By infection or intravenous administration |
| Side Effect | An effect that routinely results from the use of a drug |
| Antibiotic | Chemical substances that inhibits or kills foreign organisms |
| Systemic | Circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body |
| Brand Name | Commercial name for a drug; trade name |
| Tolerance | Drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect |
| Antihistamine | Drug that blocks the action of natural histamine in the body and relies allergy symptoms |
| Antidepressant | Drug that is used to relieve symptoms of depression |
| Anticonvulsant | Drug that prevents convulsions |
| Emetic | Drug that promotes vomiting |
| Antidiarrheal | Drug used to prevent diarrhea |
| Antiarrhythmic | Drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle |
| Antiacid | Drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach |
| Drug which reduces or eliminates sensation | Anesthetic |
| Drug which relieves pain | Analgesic |
| Drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes | Topical |
| Drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused | Controlled drugs |
| Drugs given by mouth | Oral |
| Drugs given under the tongue | Sublingual |
| Drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum | Rectal |
| Factors in a patient's condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment | Contraindications |
| Habit-forming drug that relieves pain | Narcotic |
| Harmful effects of a drug | Toxicity |
| Hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism | Anaphylaxis |
| Instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body | Syringe |
| Mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep | Sedative |
| Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells | Transport |
| Oils extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate | Fixed Oils |
| Oils extracted from plants that evaporate | Volatile Oils |
| Particles of medication suspended in air | Aerosois |
| Relating to the eye | Ophthalmic |
| Substances found in foods which are essential for life | Vitamin |
| Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body | Receptor |
| The concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses | Cumulative action |
| The process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down, and transformed into a form that the body can use | Absorption |
| The process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body | Distribution |
| The process of breaking down a drug or other substance into metabolites used by the body | Metabolism |
| The time required by the body to metabolize had the amount of the drug ingested | Half-life |
| The total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each | Addictive action |
| Via the ear | Otic |
| Furosemide twenty milligrams, take one tablet orally twice daily | Furosemide 20mg 1 tab p.o b.i.d |
| Isopto-tears ten millilitres one to two drops in both eyes as required | Isopto-tears 10mL i-ii gtts ou prn |
| Propanlol 40 mg, qd, po, ac breakfast | propanolol 40 milligram everyday, by mouth before breakfast |
| Ranitidine 150mL t.i.d a.c | Ranitidine 150 millilitres twice daily before meals |
| Amoxicillin 500 milligrams take one capsule orally four times daily after meals | Amoxicillin 500mg 1 cap qid p.c |
| Burrasol two drops in the right ear every night for three days then one drop every other day | Burrasol ii gtts a.d qPMx 3d then i gtt q.o.d |
| Lovastatin twenty milligrams daily taken by mouth | Lovastatin 20mg qd po |
| Demerol fifty milligrams daily for one month | Demerol 50mg qd 1/12 |
| Peptobismol liquid one hundred twenty milligrams daily for one month | Peptobismol liq 120mg qdx 1/12 |
| Losec 20 mg three times for one week | Losec twenty milligrams t.i.d x 1/52 |
| 1/12 | One month |
| 1/52 | One week |
| A,c a.c | Before meals |
| ASAP | as soon as possible |
| bid, b.i.d | Twice a day ** bicycle has two wheels |
| cap | Capsule |
| CPS | Compendium of pharamceuticals & Specialities |
| gtt, gtt(s) | Drops |
| i,ii | One, two |
| mg | Milligram |
| mL, ml | Millilitre |
| npo, n.p.o | Nothing by mouth |
| ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit |
| OTC | Over-the-counter |
| ou | Both eyes |
| pc | after meals |
| p.o | by mouth |
| prn | as needed |
| q.a.m | everyday before noon |
| QD qd | everyday |
| q.o.d | every other day |
| q.p.m | everyday after noon (every night) |
| q_h (q6h) | every 1,2,3,4 etc hours |
| q.h | every hour |
| q.i.d | four times daily |
| Rx | prescription |
| S.c | subcutaneous |
| SL, sl | sublingual |
| stat | immediately |
| t.i.d | three times a day/ three times daily |
| tab | tablet |
| Tx | treatment |
| ung | ointment |
| x 3 days | times 3 days |
Created by:
biancasantonucci95
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