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Pharmacology Exam review and Reverse Defs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define drug | Chemical substance that affects the mind/body, Used in diagnosis and treatment or prevention of disease, Illegal substances |
| What is a prescription repeat | a continuation of a long-term medication(s) |
| What is prescription renewal | Extension of prescriptions that have run out (for short term illness) |
| What is sustained-release | a delay in the active absorption of the medication |
| What are drugs classified by | Function, Effects and Body Systems |
| Name different effects of drugs | Therapeutic action- the purpose for giving the drug. Side effects/adverse effects-every drug has potential side effects. Allergies- a serious reaction to drug. |
| Classifications of drug by scope of action | Local-when drug effects the site of the application only. Systemic-when drug circulates through the blood stream. Cumulative- when drug accumulates faster than it can be metabolized. |
| Classifications of drug by use | Therapeutic-taken to relieve symptoms. Diagnostic-used to perform tests (barium swallow) Curative-given to overcome a disease (antibiotics) Replacement-used to replace hormones or insulin. Prophylactic-given to prevent (vaccination) or decrease severity. |
| Four names given to a single drug | Chemical, Generic, Trade, Botanical |
| Two method of dispensing drugs | prescription (Rx) or over-the-counter (OTC) |
| What is enteric-coated | allows pills to by pass stomach (avoids stomach irritation by dissolving in small intestine). |
| What is a pharmacist | a health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing of drugs |
| What is pharmacology | the study/description of drugs, their compositions, actions and effects. A biological science |
| What is a pharmacy | a licensed business involved in dispensing of drugs. |
| When are drug errors more likely to be made | when taken verbally(over the phone) or transcription errors due to bad handwriting. |
| synergism | combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone. |
| inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapour form through mouth or nose |
| antidote | agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of drug |
| stimulant | agent that excites and promote activity |
| antihypertensive | agent that lowers blood pressure |
| hypnotic | agent that produces sleep |
| iatrogenic | an effect that is produced as an individual sensitivity to a drug |
| side effect | an effect that routinely results from the use of a drug |
| parenteral | by injection or intravenous administration |
| antibiotic | chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms |
| systemic | circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body |
| brand name | commercial name for drug, trade name |
| tolerance | drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve desired effect (over time) |
| antihistamine | drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in body and relives allergy symptoms |
| antidepressant | drug that is used to relieve symptoms of depression |
| anticonvulsant | drug that prevents convulsions |
| emetic | drug that promotes vomiting |
| antidiarrheal | drug that is used to prevent diarrhea |
| antiarrhythmic | drug that helps to restore heart rhythm to regular cycle |
| antacid | drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach |
| anesthetic | drug which reduces or eliminates sensation |
| analgesic | drug that relieves pain |
| topical | drug applied on the skin or mucus membranes |
| controlled drugs | drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused |
| oral | drugs given by mouth |
| sublingual | drugs given under the tongue |
| rectal | drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum |
| contraindications | factors in a patient's condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment |
| narcotic | habit forming drug that relieves pain |
| toxicity | harmful effects of a drug |
| anaphylaxis | hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism |
| syringe | instrument for introducing or withdrawing of fluids from the body |
| sedative | mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep |
| transport | movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells |
| fixed oils | oils extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate |
| volatile oils | oils extracted primarily from plants that do evaporate |
| aerosols | particles of medication suspended in air |
| opthalmic | pertaining to the eye |
| vitamin | substances found in food which are essential for life |
| receptor | target substance with which a drug interacts in the body |
| cumulative action | the concentration of a drug may increase with each dose due to half life of previous doses |
| absorption | the process by which medication is taken into the body, broken down, and transformed into a form that the body can use |
| distribution | the process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body |
| metabolism | the process of breaking down a drug or other substance into metabolites used by the body |
| half-life | the time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested |
| additive action | the total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each |
| otic | via ear |
Created by:
amatt
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