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Psychology
Exam III
| Concept | Answer |
|---|---|
| Freud's view of personality | Id, Ego, Superego (Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious minds) |
| Id | Unconscious Mind |
| Ego | Largely conscious; functions as "executive" |
| Superego | Provides standards for judgement |
| Freud's Developmental Stages | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
| How people defend themselves against anxiety | Defense Mechanisms |
| Projective Tests | Aim to get into the subconscious without arousing suspicion |
| Projective Test Examples | TAT- how people express their inner feelings through the stories they make up about scenes INKBLOT- Seeks to identify people's inner feelings by how they interpret the inkblots |
| Humanistic Psychologists | Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers |
| How Humanists view personality | Pyramid of needs: psychological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization |
| How Humanists assessed a person's sense of self | Who are you? What do you want to be? Everyone is born good; reach self-actualization |
| Trait | An enduring quality that makes a person tend to act a certain way |
| Personality Inventory | A questionnaire assessing a person's personality by asking a series of questions (Myers Briggs, MMPI) |
| CANOE | Consciousness-self-dicipline Agreeableness-helpful, trusting Neuroticism-anxiety, insecurity, emotional Openness-flexability, variety Extraversion-drawing energy from others, sociability |
| Trait Theorists | (individual) behaviors are different from situation to situation, thus traits matter |
| Social Cognitive Theorists | (situation) traits are not good predictors of behaviors; do we control the environment or does it control us? |
| Social Cognitive Perspective | Bandura personality is the result of an interaction that takes place between a person and his social context (reciprocal determinism) |
| Influences that shape a person's personality from social cognitive perspective | Internal cognitive factors Environmental factors Behavior |
| How we draw the line between normality and disorder | Deviant, Distressful, Dangerous, Dysfunctional (The 4 Ds) |
| Medical Model approach to psychological disorders | Illnesses that need to be diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and cured through therapy, often in a hospital |
| Bio-Psycho-Social Approach to psychological disorders | Bio-evolution, individual genes, brain structure and chemistry Psycho-stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood related perceptions Social-roles, expectations, definitions of normality and disorder |
| How and Why clinicians classify disorders | DSM-V; disorders outlined in the DSM-V are reliable and diagnoses can be made by all professionals |
| Why some psychologists criticize the use of diagnostic tables | Labels can make people act like the label they are given Labels can make people treat others with labels differently |
| OCD | Preoccupied with keeping order, perfection, mentioning mental and interpersonal control, spend time adhering to plans |
| Depression | 2+ weeks of: tiredness, feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in family and friends, lost of interest in activities |
| Bipolar Disorder | Extremely depressed or happy |
| Schizophrenia | "split mind", disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions |
| 3 clusters of personality disorders | Anxiety Odd or eccentric behaviors Dramatic or impulsive behaviors |
| Social Psychologists | Zimbardo Put people into roles (prisoner/guard) found that people started to act like the roles they were given Thinking about others, especially when they engage in doing things that are unexpected |
| Attribution Theory | Tendency to give casual explanations for behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
| Automatic Mimicry and Conformity (Ash) | Unconsciously imitating others' expressions, postures, and voice tones Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
| Conditions that strengthen conformity | One is made to feel incompetent or insecure 3+ people group is unanimous one admires the group's status Prior commitment to response Observes one's behavior Culture strongly encourages respect for social standard |
| Power of Social Influence (Milgram) | Investigated the effects of authority on obedience Shock Study: told someone to shock someone wanted to see if the person would continue someone in authority was telling them what to do did study to see if Nazis were following Hitler's orders |
| Ash and Milgram's Studies | Both studies were pressurized between following their standard and being responsive to others Milgram: participants were torn between victims pleas and experimenters orders |
| Social Facilitation | Improved performance on a task in the presence of others |
| Social Loafing | Tendency of an individual in a group to exert less effort than when tested individually |
| Why we fall in love with some but not others | Proximity- geographic nearness, repeated exposure increases attraction Physical Attractiveness- attraction increases with physical attraction Similarity- having similar views between individuals causes the bond of attraction to strengthen |
| Passionate Love | An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a love relationship |
| Companionate Love | Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined |
| 2 Factor Theory of Emotion | physical arousal + cognitive appraisal Arousal from any source can enhance one's emotions |
| 2 Things Enhanced by Companionate Love | Equity-a condition in which both parties receive in proportion to what they give AND Mutual Self-Disclosure-in which partners reveal to each other intimate details about themselves |
| Altruism | Unselfish regard for the welfare of others (Doing an act that has no benefit to you) |
| Bystander Intervention | Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
| Decision Making Process | Notice incident, interpret incident as emergency, assumes responsibility, attempts to help |
Created by:
mickey2230
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