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Research
Variables and their measurement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A limitation of a measure in which the instrument does not register a further increase in score for the highest scoring individuals. | Ceiling effect |
| A mental image of an observable phenomenon that is expressed in words | Concept |
| A non-observable abstraction created for a specific research purpose; defined by observable measures such as events or behaviors | Construct |
| The degree to which a measure matches the operational definition of the concept or construct it is said to represent | Construct Validity |
| The degree to which items in an instrument represent all of the facets of the variable being measured. | Content Validity |
| A method of criterion validation that reflects the relationship between a measure of interest and a criterion ("gold standard") measure, both of which have been applied within the same time frame. | Concurrent Validity |
| When the values of variables are on a scale with a theoretically infinite number of measurable increments between each major unit | Continuous Variable |
| A method of construct validation that reflects the degree to which two or more measures of the same phenomenon or characteristic will produce similar socres | Convergent Validity |
| Measures the scores of which are compared to an absolute standard in order to judge an individual's performance. | Criterion-Referenced |
| The outcome of a interest in a study | Dependent Variable |
| When only two values are possible for a variable. | Dichotomous Variable |
| When the value of a variable is a distinct category | Discrete Variable |
| A method of construct validation that reflects the degree to which and instrument can distinguish between or among different phenomena or characteristics. | Discriminant Validity |
| A subjective assessment of the degree to which an instrument appears to measure what it is designed to measure | Face validity |
| An experiemental research design in which the effect of two or more independent variables and their interactions with one another, are evaluated | Factorial Design |
| A limitation of a measure in which the instrument does not register a further decrease in score for the lowest scoring individuals | Floor Effect |
| Traditionally defined as the variable that is purposefully manipulated by investigators in an effort to produce a change in outcome | Independent variable |
| The stability of repeated measures across two or more examiners | inter-rater reliability |
| A measure that classifies objects or characteristics in rank order with a known equal distance between categories, but that lacks a known empirical zero point. | interval level of measurement |
| The stability of repeated measures by same examiner | Intra-rater reliability |
| The process by which values are assigned to variables | Measurement |
| THe difference between the true value and the observed value | Measurement erreor |
| The extent to which repeated measurements agree with one another. Also referred to as stability, consistency and reproducibility. | Measurement reliability |
| The degree to which a measure captures what it is intended to measure | Measurement Validity |
| A measure that classifies ovjects or characteristics, but that lacks rank order and a known equal distance between categories | Nominal level of measurement |
| Measures the scores of which are compared to the group's performance in order to judge and individual's performance | Norm-referenced |
| A measure, that classifies objects or characteristics, in rank order, but that lacks the mathematical properties of a known equal distance between categories; may or may not have a natural zero point. | Ordinal level of measurement |
| Reliability of a self-report instrument established by testing two versions of the tool that measures the same concepts or constructs | Parallel Forms Reliability |
| A method of criterion validation that reflects the degree to which the score on a test predicts a future criterion score | Predictive Validity |
| A measure that classifies objects or characteristics in rank order with a known equal distance between categories and a known empirical zero point. | Ration level of measurement |
| The ability of a measure to detect change in the phenomenon of interest. | responsiveness |
| Reliability of a self report instrument established by testing two versions of teh tool that are combined into one survey that is administered at one time; investigators separate the items and compare results for the two forms after subjects complete the | Split half reliability |
| The extent to which observed scores are disbursed around the true score, "the standard deviation of measurement errors" obtained from repeated measures. | Standard Error of measurement |
| A characteristic of an individual, object, or environmental condition that may take on different values. | Variable |
Created by:
jmgenter1
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