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Chapter 10 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people |
| Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category |
| Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem |
| Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms |
| Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem |
| Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions |
| Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective |
| Mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |
| Functional Fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions |
| Representativeness Heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match particular prototypes |
| Availability Heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory |
| Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments |
| Framing | the way an issue is posed |
| Belief Bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning |
| Belief Perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
| Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |
| Phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit |
| Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning |
| Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
| Semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; the study of meaning |
| Syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language |
| Babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language |
| One word stage | the stage in speech development from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words |
| Two word stage | beginning at about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements |
| Telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words |
| Linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
Created by:
campbellk15
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