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Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| instinct | a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species that is unlearned |
| drive-reduction | the idea that physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| homeostasis | a tendency to maintain a balance or a constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around a particular level |
| incentive | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. |
| Hierarchy of needs | Maslow's Pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active. |
| glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues when it is level is low, we feel hunger. |
| set point | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure. |
| Anorexia Nervosa | an eating disorder in which a normal weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet feeling fat, continue to starve. |
| Bulima Nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
| Sexual Response Cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. |
| Refractory Period | a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
| Sexual disorder | a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning. |
| Estrogen | A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation; promoting sexual receotivity. |
| Sexual orientation | An enduring sexual attraction towards members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (Heterosexual orientation). |
| flow | a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills. |
| Industrial-organization (I/O) Psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. |
| Personnel Psychology | A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal and development |
| organizational psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change. |
| structured interviews | interview process that ask the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales. |
| achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people or ideas; for attaining a high standard, |
| task leadership | goal-oriented leadership that sets standards organizes work, and focuses attention on goals |
| social leadership | group-orientated leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict and offers support. |
| Theory X | assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and thus, should be directed from above |
| Theory Y | assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity. |
Created by:
Bowenpsycho
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