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Chapter 12

QuestionAnswer
motivation a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
instinct a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species that is unlearned
drive-reduction the idea that physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
homeostasis a tendency to maintain a balance or a constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around a particular level
incentive a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Hierarchy of needs Maslow's Pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
glucose the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues when it is level is low, we feel hunger.
set point the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Basal Metabolic Rate the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
Anorexia Nervosa an eating disorder in which a normal weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet feeling fat, continue to starve.
Bulima Nervosa an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Sexual Response Cycle the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Refractory Period a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Sexual disorder a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
Estrogen A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation; promoting sexual receotivity.
Sexual orientation An enduring sexual attraction towards members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (Heterosexual orientation).
flow a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills.
Industrial-organization (I/O) Psychology the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Personnel Psychology A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal and development
organizational psychology a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
structured interviews interview process that ask the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.
achievement motivation a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people or ideas; for attaining a high standard,
task leadership goal-oriented leadership that sets standards organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
social leadership group-orientated leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict and offers support.
Theory X assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and thus, should be directed from above
Theory Y assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.
Created by: Bowenpsycho
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