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PSY Ch. 15, 16, 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| deviance | is this deviant? socially acceptable? |
| maladaptive | unhealthy? for job, social life? |
| personal distress | is it bothering the person? |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) | this book outlines the system for classifying psychological disorders |
| axis 1 | clinical disorders |
| axis 2 | personality disorders and mental retardation |
| axis 3 | general medical conditions |
| axis 4 | psychosocial and environmental problems |
| axis 5 | global assessment of functioning |
| comorbid | two or more disorders occuring at the same time together |
| generalized anxiety disorder | high level of anxiety about minor things |
| phobic disorder | phobia meets clinical criteria |
| panic disorder | panic attacks |
| agoraphobia | fear of leaving house |
| OCD | uncontrollable obsessions |
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | soldiers, reliving war police officers intense, traumatic experience that is relived later on |
| Multiple Personality Disorder | involves coexistent personalities in one person-product of Western culture?? not the same as schizophrania |
| Major Depressive Disorder | persistent feelings of sadness & despair & loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure average episode length: 6 months |
| Anhedonia | major characteristic of MDD loss of interest in activities |
| Bipolar disorder | marked by experience of both depressed and manic periods manic-hyper depressed- major depression |
| Genetic Factors | heredity can cause predisposition |
| Neurochemical Factors | Abnormal levels of norepinephrine and serotonin may contribute |
| cognitive factors | learned helplessness model |
| Schizophrenia- Delusions and Irrational Thought | nonlinear thoughts |
| Schizophrenia-Deterioration of Adaptive Behavior | hygiene suffers |
| Schizophrenia-Distorted Perception | auditory hallucinations most commons |
| Hallucinations | sensory perceptions that occur in absence of real, external stimulus |
| Schizophrenia-Disturbed Emotion | flattening of emotions or inappropriate emotional responses to situations |
| Clinical Psychologist | mental |
| Counseling Psychologist | everyday |
| Psychiatrist | medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing & treating patients. Can prescribe medicine due to medical training |
| counselor | usually has Master's degree. Tends to be more short term and more for a specific problem |
| insight therapies | clients engage in lengthy verbal discussions with therapists |
| behavior therapies | this therapy involves direct efforts to alter problematic responses and bad habits |
| biomedical therapies | therapy that manipulates physiology to improve functioning |
| psychoanalysis | developed by Freud recovery of unconscious |
| free association | spontaneously express thought or feelings |
| resistance | block process of therapy (late, make joke, etc) |
| transference | start to see therapist as part of family |
| client-centered therapy | Carl Rogers all about environment therapist job-listen directed by client |
| aversion therapy | uses classical conditioning to create negative response to a stimulus that has created a problematic behavior |
| social skills training | designed to improve interpersonal skills by emphasizing modeling, behavior rehearsal and shaping |
| modeling | model proper social behavior |
| rehearsal | practice with client |
| shaping | reward client offer doing something correctly |
| cognitive behavioral therapy | attempt to correct errors in thinking and modify behavior |
| Physical Attractiveness Stereotype | people who are physically attractive tend to be higher rated in other traits |
| Stereotype | widely held belief that people have certain characteristics because of membership to a particular group |
| cognitive schema | organized cluster of ideas about categories of social events and people |
| illusory correlation | people estimate they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually |
| ingroup | people we associate with |
| outgroup | people you don't associate with |
| attributions | inferences people draw about causes of events, others behavior and own behavior |
| fundamental attribution error | people tend to explain other people's behavior as a result of internal attributions |
| self-serving bias | people tend to attribute their success to personal (internal) factors and their failures to situational (external) factors. |
| matching hypothesis | males & females of equal physical attractiveness tend to date each other |
| attitude similarity | similarity seems to cause liking |
| conformity | occurs when people yield to teal or imagined social pressure |
| obedience | form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in authority |
| bystander effect | people are less likely to help someone if they are in group vs. if they are by themselves |
Created by:
kaelanvogt
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