Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Paramedic Care
Cardiac
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aberrant conduction | an abnormal conduction of the electrical impulse through the heart's conductive system |
| absolute refractory period | period of the cardiac cycle when stimulation will not produce any depolarization |
| action potential | stimulation of myocardial cells that subsequently spreads across the myocardium |
| acute arterial occlusion | sudden occlusion of arterial blood flow |
| acute coronary syndrome (ACS) | spectrum of coronary artery disease processes from myocardial ischemia and myocardial injury to myocardial infarction |
| acute pulmonary embolism | blockage that occurs when a blood clot or other particle lodges in a pulmonary artery |
| afterload | resistance against which the heart must pump |
| anastomosis | communication b/w two or more vessels |
| aneurysm | dilation of a blood vessel |
| angina pectoris | chest pain that results when the heart's oxygen requirements exceed oxygen supply available from blood |
| arrhythmia | any deviation from the normal electrical rhythm of the heart |
| arteriosclerosis | progressive, degenerative disease of the midsize and large arteries |
| augmented leads | another term for unipolar limb leads, reflecting the fact that the ground lead is disconnected, which increases the amplitude of deflection of the ECG tracing |
| automaticity | pacemaker cells' capability of self-depolarization |
| bipolar leads | electrocardiogram leads applied to the arms and legs that contain two electrodes of opposite polarity (positive and negative) |
| bradycardia | heart rate less than 60 bpm |
| bruit | sound of turbulent flood flow through a vessel |
| bundle branch block | kind of interventricular heart block in which conduction through either the right or left bundle branch is blocked or delayed |
| bundle of Kent | an accessory AV conduction pathway that is thought to be responsible for ECG findings of preexcitation syndrome |
| cardiac arrest | absence of ventricular contraction |
| cardiac cycle | period of time from the end of one cardiac contraction to the end of the next |
| cardiac depolarization | reversal of charges at a cell membrane so that the inside of the cell becomes positive in relation of the outside; opposite of the cell's resting state |
| cardiac output | amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute |
| cardiac tamponade | accumulation of excess fluid inside the pericardium |
| cardiogenic shock | inability of the heart to meet the metabolic needs of the body, resulting in inadequate perfusion |
| cardiovascular disease (CVD) | disease affecting the heart, peripheral blood vessels, or both |
| chronotrophy | pertaining to heart rate |
| claudication | severe pain in the calf muscle due to inadequate blood supply |
| compensatory pause | pause following an ectopic beat where the SA node is unaffected and the cadence of the heart is uninterrupted |
| conductivity | ability of the cells to propagate the electrical impulse from one cell to another |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | condition in which the heart's reduced stroke volume causes an overload of fluid in the body's other tissues |
| contractility | ability of muscle cells to contract, or shorten |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | type of CVD; single largest killer of Americans |
| corrected QT | QT interval divided by the square root of the RR interval |
| coupling interval | distance b/w the preceding beat and the PVC |
| current of injury (injury current) | the flow of current b/w the pathologically depolarized area of myocardial injury and the normally depolarized areas of the myocardium |
| cystic medial necrosis | death or degeneration of a part of an artery wall |
| deep venous thrombosis | a blood clot in a vein |
| defibrillation | process of passing an electrical current through a fibrillating heart to depolarize a critical mass of myocardial cells |
| diastole | period of time when the myocardium is relaxed and cardiac filling and coronary perfusion occur |
| dissecting aortic aneurysm | aneurysm caused when blood gets b/w and separates the layers of the aortic wall |
| downtime | duration from the beginning of the cardiac arrest until effective CPR is established |
| dromotrophy | pertaining to the speed of impulse transmission |
| ectopic beat | cardiac depolarization resulting from depolarization of ectopic focus |
| ectopic focus | nonpacemaker heart cell that automatically depolarizes |
| Einthoven's triangle | triangle around the heart formed by the bipolar limb leads |
| ejection fraction | ratio of blood pumped from the ventricle to the amount remaining at the end of diastole |
| electrocardiogram (ECG) | graphic recording of the heart's electrical activity |
| excitability | ability of the cells to respond to an electrical stimulus |
| heart failure | clinical syndrome in which the heart's mechanical performance is compromised so that cardiac output cannot meet the body's needs |
| hypertensive emergency | an acute elevation of blood pressure that requires the blood pressure to be lowered w/in 1 hour |
| hypertrophy | stretching; enlargement w/o any additional cells |
| indeterminate axis | a calculated axis of the heart's electrical energy from -90 to -180 degrees |
| induced therapeutic hypothermia (ITH) | practice of cooling survivors of cardiac arrest in the immediate post resuscitation period |
| inotrophy | pertaining to cardiac contractile force |
| intercalated discs | specialized bands of tissue inserted b/w myocardial cells that increase the rate in which the action potential is spread from cell to cell |
| interpolated beat | PVC that falls b/w two sinus beats w/o effectively interrupting this rhythm |
| left axis deviation | calculated axis of the heart's electrical energy that equals or exceeds -30 degrees |
| limb leads | augmented leads; bipolar leads; unipolar leads |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | death and subsequent necrosis of the heart muscle caused by inadequate blood supply |
| myocardial injury | injury to the myocardium typically following myocardial ischemia that results from loss of blood and oxygen supply |
| myocardial ischemia | deprivation of oxygen and other nutrients to the myocardium, causing abnormalities in repolarization |
| myoglobin | similar to hemoglobin, it is released into circulation when skeletal or cardiac muscle is damaged |
| noncompensatory pause | pause following an ectopic beat where the SA node is depolarized and the underlying cadence of the heart is interrupted |
| normal sinus rhythm | normal heart rhythm |
| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) | sudden episode of difficult breathing that occurs after lying down |
| peripheral arterial atherosclerotic disease | progressive degenerative disease of the midsize and large arteries |
| Poiseuille's law | law of physiology stating that flood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the radius of the vessel to the fourth power |
| precordial (chest) leads | electrocardiogram leads applied to the chest in a patter than permits a view of the horizontal plane of the heart, leads V1-V6 |
| preload | pressure w/in the ventricles at the end of diastole; commonly called end-diastolic volume |
| Prinzmetal's angina | variant of angina pectoris caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries |
| prolonged QT interval | QT greater than 0.44 sec |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | blood clot in one of the pulmonary arteries |
| QRS axis | reduction of all the heart's electrical forces to a single vector represented by an arrow moving in a single plane |
| QT interval | period from the beginning of the QRS to the end of the T wave |
| reciprocal | mirror image seen typically on the opposite wall of the injured area |
| refractory period | period of time when myocardial cells have not yet completely repolarized and cannot by stimulated again |
| relative refractory period | period of the cardiac cycle when a sufficiently strong stimulus may produce depolarization |
| repolarization | return to a muscle cell to its preexcitation resting state |
| resting potential | normal electrical state of cardiac cells |
| resuscitation | provision of efforts to return a spontaneous pulse and breathing |
| return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) | resuscitation results in the patient's having a spontaneous pulse |
| rhythm strip | electrocardiogram printout |
| right axis deviation | a calculated axis of the heart's electrical energy that equals or exceeds +105 degrees |
| Starling's law of the heart | law of physiology stating that the more the myocardium is stretched, the more forceful the contraction will be |
| stroke volume | amount of blood ejected by the heart in one cardiac contraction |
| subendocardial infarction | myocardial infarction that affects only the deeper levels of the myocardium |
| sudden death | death w/in 1 hour after onset of symptoms |
| survival | when a patient is resuscitated and survives to be discharged from the hospital |
| synchronized cardioversion | the passage of an electric current through the heart during a specific part of the cardiac cycle to terminate certain kinds of dysrhythmias |
| syncytium | group of cardiac muscle cells that physiologically function as a unit |
| systole | period of the cardiac cycle when the myocardium is contracting |
| tachycardia | rapid heart rate greater than 100 bpm |
| total downtime | duration from the beginning of the arrest until the patient's delivery to the emergency department |
| transmural infarction | myocardial infarction that affects the full thickness of the myocardium and almost always results in a pathological Q wave in the affected leads |
| unipolar leads | electrocardiogram leads applied to the arms and legs, consisting of one polarized electrode and a nonpolarized reference point that is created by the ECG machine combining two additional electrodes |
| varicose veins | dilated superficial veins, usually in lower extremities |
| vasculitis | inflammation of blood vessels |
| vector | a force that has both magnitude and direction |
Created by:
100002976529457
Popular Pharmacology sets