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respiratory system

Question	Answer
breathing	ventilation
tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by the body cells during metabolism. Blood carries this to the lungs which then exhale it.	Carbon Dioxide (Co2)
Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bones. Tip of the nose and outer ear are composed of this.	Cartilage
hairlike structure.	cilia
to move or spread a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external force.	Diffuse
moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, also called mucosa.	mucous membrane
tasteless, colorless, odorless gas essential for human respiration.	oxygen (o2)
Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. potential hydrogen.	pH
Wall dividing two cavities.	septum
Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist. also called serosa.	serous membrane
receptors for the sense of smell	olfactory neurons
posterior to the nose	nasopharynx
posterior to the mouth	oropharynx
superior to the larynx	laryngopharynx
muscular tube that serves as a passageway for food and air	pharynx
pharyngeal tonsils or collection of lymphoid tissues	adenoids
located in the oropharynx and known just as tonsils. They protect the opening to the respiratory tract from microscopic organisms.	palatine tonsils
voice box	larynx
leaf shaped structure on top of the larynx which seals off the air passage to the lungs during swallowing	epiglottis
windpipe. composed of smooth muscle embedded with c-shaped rings of cartilage which provide rigidity to keep the air passage open.	trachea
smaller and smaller branches of the bronchus	bronchioles
tiny air sacs	alveoli
space between the left lung and the right lung. contains the heart, the aorta, esophagus, and bronchi.	mediastinum
covers the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity.	pleura
membrane closest to the lung	visceral pleura
lines the thoracic cavity	parietal pleura
space between these two membranes. contains small amount of lubricating fluid.	pleural cavity
large muscular partition. assists in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity to produce the needed pressure differential for ventilation.	diaphragm
air leaves the lungs	expiration
draws air into the lungs.	inspiration
process by which o2 is taken from the air and carried to body cells for their use.	respiration
breathing. involuntary action.	pulmonary ventilation
exchange of o2 and Co2 between body cells and the blood in the blood in systematic capillaries.	internal respiration
Exchange of o2 and Co2 between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.	external respiration
occurs when blood, aided by the cardiovascular system, transports Co2 to the lungs and O2 to the body cells.	transport of respiratory gases
nose	nas/o
nose	rhin/o
septum	sept/o
sinus, cavity	sinus/o
incision of the sinuses performed to improve ventilation or drainage in unresponsive sinusitis	sinustomy
adenoids	adenoid/o
tonsillitis	tonsill/o
pharynx (throat)	pharyng/o
epiglottis	epiglott/o
larynx (voice box)	laryng/o
paralysis	-plegia
trachea (windpipe)	trache/o
performed to correct a narrow or stenotic trachea	tracheoplasty
bronchus (bronchi)	bronchi/o
bronchus (bronchi)	bronch/o
dilation, expansion	-ectasis
associated with various lung conditions and is accompanied by chronic infection	bronchiectasis
flexible tube that is passed through the nose or mouth to enable inspection of the lungs and collection of tissue biopsies and secretions for analysis.	bronchoscope
bronchiole	bronchiol/o
alveolus; air sac	alveol/o
pleura	pleur/o
air, lung	pneum/o
air, lung	pneumon/o
lung	pulmon/o
coal, coal dust	anthrac/o
incomplete, imperfect	atel/o
incomplete dilation of the lung, also called airless lung or collapsed lung	atelectasis
abnormal condition, increase	-osis
abnormal condition of coal dust in the lung, also called black lung disease. chronic occupation disease found in coal miners and those associated with the coal industry.	anthracosis
dust	coni/o
cold temperature, heart failure, lung diseases and smothering cause unsual blueness of the skin and mucous membranes due to build up of carbon dioxide in the blood.	cyanosis
lobe	lob/o
performed when a malignancy is confined to a single lobe of any lobed organ, such as the lungs, liver and thyroid gland.	lobectomy
oxygen	ox/i
oxygen	ox/o
instrument for measuring	-meter
below, deficient, under	hyp-
chest	pector/o
chest	steth/o
chest	thorac/o
pain	-algia
pain	-dynia
chest pain	thoracodynia, pectoralgia, thoracalgia
diaphragm, mind	phren/o
involuntary contraction, twitching	-spasm
breathe	spir/o
carbon dioxide suffix	-capnia
smell	-osmia
voice	-phonia
includes hoarseness, fatigue or decreased projection. bad quality of voice	dysphonia
breathing	-pnea
spitting	-ptysis
coughing or spitting up of blood	hemoptysis
chest	-thorax
pus	py/o
pus in the chest. usually caused by penetrating chest wound or spreading infection from another part of the body.	pyothorax (or empyema)
good, normal	eu-
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. respiratory disorders that produce a chronic partial obstruction of the air passages.	COPD
produces spasms in the bronchial passages that may be sudden and violent (paroxysmal) and lead to dyspnea.	asthma
inflammation of the bronchi caused mainly by smoking or air pollution. Characterized by the swelling of the mucousa and a heavy productive cough that is commonly accompanied by chest pain.	Chronic Bronchitis
characterized by decreases elasticity of the alveoli. The alveoli can expand but are unable to contract to original size.	emphysema
worldwide epidemic	pandemic
occurs every 2 to 3 years, highly infectious & virulent	influenza type a
usually limited geographically, tends to be less severe,	influenza type b
mild & not associated with epidemics	influenza type c
muscle pain	myalgia
any abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity	pleura effusion
listening to the sounds made by organs of the body using a stethoscope	ausculation
gentle tapping on the chest with the fingers and listening to the resultant sounds to determine the position, size or consistency of the underlying structure.	percussion
noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein. results from an imbalance in venous-arterial pressure or a decrease of protein in blood.	transudate
usually high in protein and commonly contains blood and immune cells. common causes include tumors, infections, and inflammation	exudate
when air enters the pleural space	pneumothorax
pleural effusions of serum	hydrothorax
blood pleural effusion	hemothorax
surgical puncture of the chest using a hollow-bore needle	thoracocentesis, thoracentesis
communicable disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. also known as the acid-fast bacillus	tuberculosis
alive	viable
any inflammatory disease of the lungs, can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, chemicals or other agents that cause lung inflammation	pneumonia
affecting only one lobe of the lung in pneumonia	lobar pneumonia
pneumonia resulting from inhalation of food of liquid	aspiration pneumonia
pneumonia associated with AIDS	pneumocystis pneumonia
infectious	opportunistic
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to excrete extremely thick mucus which clogs the ducts of the pancreas and digestive tract and sweat glands.	cystic fibrosis
condition in which lungs no longer function effectively, threatening the life of the patient.	Acute respiratory distress sydrome
aka: infant respiratory distress syndrome.	Hyaline Membrane Disease
a phospholipid substance that helps keep the alveoli open	surfactant
repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration: first deeply, then shallow, and then not at all. usually caused by diseases that affect the respiratory centers of the brain	Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
head cold or upper respiratory infection. acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose,	coryza
abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled alveoli, also called rale	crackle
common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs	croup
displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced air flow and sometimes nose bleeds	deviated nasal septum
life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12	epiglottitis
nasal hemorrhage or nosebleed	epistaxis
enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease	finger clubbing
oxygen deficiency in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment	hypoxemia
acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a whoop sound. also called whooping cough.	pertusis
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing, also called pleuritis	pleurisy
disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (antrhacosis), stone dust (chalicosis), and asbestos particles (asbestosis)	pneumoconiosis
accumulation of extravascular fluid in tissues in the alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure	pulmonary edema
blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter.	pulmonary embolism
abnormal breath sounds heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway	rhoncus
high pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction of the upper airway	stridor
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months	sudden infant death
whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from the narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway.	wheeze

Created by: mackenzie.morris

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