respiratory system
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| breathing | ventilation
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| tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by the body cells during metabolism. Blood carries this to the lungs which then exhale it. | Carbon Dioxide (Co2)
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| Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bones. Tip of the nose and outer ear are composed of this. | Cartilage
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| hairlike structure. | cilia
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| to move or spread a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external force. | Diffuse
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| moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, also called mucosa. | mucous membrane
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| tasteless, colorless, odorless gas essential for human respiration. | oxygen (o2)
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| Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. potential hydrogen. | pH
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| Wall dividing two cavities. | septum
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| Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist. also called serosa. | serous membrane
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| receptors for the sense of smell | olfactory neurons
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| posterior to the nose | nasopharynx
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| posterior to the mouth | oropharynx
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| superior to the larynx | laryngopharynx
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| muscular tube that serves as a passageway for food and air | pharynx
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| pharyngeal tonsils or collection of lymphoid tissues | adenoids
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| located in the oropharynx and known just as tonsils. They protect the opening to the respiratory tract from microscopic organisms. | palatine tonsils
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| voice box | larynx
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| leaf shaped structure on top of the larynx which seals off the air passage to the lungs during swallowing | epiglottis
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| windpipe. composed of smooth muscle embedded with c-shaped rings of cartilage which provide rigidity to keep the air passage open. | trachea
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| smaller and smaller branches of the bronchus | bronchioles
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| tiny air sacs | alveoli
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| space between the left lung and the right lung. contains the heart, the aorta, esophagus, and bronchi. | mediastinum
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| covers the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity. | pleura
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| membrane closest to the lung | visceral pleura
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| lines the thoracic cavity | parietal pleura
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| space between these two membranes. contains small amount of lubricating fluid. | pleural cavity
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| large muscular partition. assists in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity to produce the needed pressure differential for ventilation. | diaphragm
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| air leaves the lungs | expiration
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| draws air into the lungs. | inspiration
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| process by which o2 is taken from the air and carried to body cells for their use. | respiration
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| breathing. involuntary action. | pulmonary ventilation
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| exchange of o2 and Co2 between body cells and the blood in the blood in systematic capillaries. | internal respiration
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| Exchange of o2 and Co2 between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. | external respiration
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| occurs when blood, aided by the cardiovascular system, transports Co2 to the lungs and O2 to the body cells. | transport of respiratory gases
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| nose | nas/o
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| nose | rhin/o
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| septum | sept/o
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| sinus, cavity | sinus/o
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| incision of the sinuses performed to improve ventilation or drainage in unresponsive sinusitis | sinustomy
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| adenoids | adenoid/o
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| tonsillitis | tonsill/o
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| pharynx (throat) | pharyng/o
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| epiglottis | epiglott/o
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| larynx (voice box) | laryng/o
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| paralysis | -plegia
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| trachea (windpipe) | trache/o
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| performed to correct a narrow or stenotic trachea | tracheoplasty
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| bronchus (bronchi) | bronchi/o
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| bronchus (bronchi) | bronch/o
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| dilation, expansion | -ectasis
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| associated with various lung conditions and is accompanied by chronic infection | bronchiectasis
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| flexible tube that is passed through the nose or mouth to enable inspection of the lungs and collection of tissue biopsies and secretions for analysis. | bronchoscope
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| bronchiole | bronchiol/o
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| alveolus; air sac | alveol/o
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| pleura | pleur/o
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| air, lung | pneum/o
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| air, lung | pneumon/o
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| lung | pulmon/o
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| coal, coal dust | anthrac/o
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| incomplete, imperfect | atel/o
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| incomplete dilation of the lung, also called airless lung or collapsed lung | atelectasis
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| abnormal condition, increase | -osis
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| abnormal condition of coal dust in the lung, also called black lung disease. chronic occupation disease found in coal miners and those associated with the coal industry. | anthracosis
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| dust | coni/o
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| cold temperature, heart failure, lung diseases and smothering cause unsual blueness of the skin and mucous membranes due to build up of carbon dioxide in the blood. | cyanosis
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| lobe | lob/o
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| performed when a malignancy is confined to a single lobe of any lobed organ, such as the lungs, liver and thyroid gland. | lobectomy
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| oxygen | ox/i
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| oxygen | ox/o
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| instrument for measuring | -meter
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| below, deficient, under | hyp-
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| chest | pector/o
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| chest | steth/o
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| chest | thorac/o
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| pain | -algia
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| pain | -dynia
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| chest pain | thoracodynia, pectoralgia, thoracalgia
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| diaphragm, mind | phren/o
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| involuntary contraction, twitching | -spasm
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| breathe | spir/o
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| carbon dioxide suffix | -capnia
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| smell | -osmia
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| voice | -phonia
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| includes hoarseness, fatigue or decreased projection. bad quality of voice | dysphonia
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| breathing | -pnea
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| spitting | -ptysis
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| coughing or spitting up of blood | hemoptysis
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| chest | -thorax
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| pus | py/o
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| pus in the chest. usually caused by penetrating chest wound or spreading infection from another part of the body. | pyothorax (or empyema)
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| good, normal | eu-
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. respiratory disorders that produce a chronic partial obstruction of the air passages. | COPD
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| produces spasms in the bronchial passages that may be sudden and violent (paroxysmal) and lead to dyspnea. | asthma
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| inflammation of the bronchi caused mainly by smoking or air pollution. Characterized by the swelling of the mucousa and a heavy productive cough that is commonly accompanied by chest pain. | Chronic Bronchitis
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| characterized by decreases elasticity of the alveoli. The alveoli can expand but are unable to contract to original size. | emphysema
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| worldwide epidemic | pandemic
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| occurs every 2 to 3 years, highly infectious & virulent | influenza type a
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| usually limited geographically, tends to be less severe, | influenza type b
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| mild & not associated with epidemics | influenza type c
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| muscle pain | myalgia
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| any abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity | pleura effusion
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| listening to the sounds made by organs of the body using a stethoscope | ausculation
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| gentle tapping on the chest with the fingers and listening to the resultant sounds to determine the position, size or consistency of the underlying structure. | percussion
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| noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein. results from an imbalance in venous-arterial pressure or a decrease of protein in blood. | transudate
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| usually high in protein and commonly contains blood and immune cells. common causes include tumors, infections, and inflammation | exudate
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| when air enters the pleural space | pneumothorax
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| pleural effusions of serum | hydrothorax
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| blood pleural effusion | hemothorax
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| surgical puncture of the chest using a hollow-bore needle | thoracocentesis, thoracentesis
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| communicable disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. also known as the acid-fast bacillus | tuberculosis
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| alive | viable
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| any inflammatory disease of the lungs, can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, chemicals or other agents that cause lung inflammation | pneumonia
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| affecting only one lobe of the lung in pneumonia | lobar pneumonia
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| pneumonia resulting from inhalation of food of liquid | aspiration pneumonia
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| pneumonia associated with AIDS | pneumocystis pneumonia
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| infectious | opportunistic
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| hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to excrete extremely thick mucus which clogs the ducts of the pancreas and digestive tract and sweat glands. | cystic fibrosis
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| condition in which lungs no longer function effectively, threatening the life of the patient. | Acute respiratory distress sydrome
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| aka: infant respiratory distress syndrome. | Hyaline Membrane Disease
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| a phospholipid substance that helps keep the alveoli open | surfactant
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| repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration: first deeply, then shallow, and then not at all. usually caused by diseases that affect the respiratory centers of the brain | Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
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| head cold or upper respiratory infection. acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose, | coryza
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| abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled alveoli, also called rale | crackle
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| common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs | croup
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| displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced air flow and sometimes nose bleeds | deviated nasal septum
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| life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 | epiglottitis
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| nasal hemorrhage or nosebleed | epistaxis
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| enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease | finger clubbing
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| oxygen deficiency in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment | hypoxemia
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| acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a whoop sound. also called whooping cough. | pertusis
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| inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing, also called pleuritis | pleurisy
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| disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (antrhacosis), stone dust (chalicosis), and asbestos particles (asbestosis) | pneumoconiosis
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| accumulation of extravascular fluid in tissues in the alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure | pulmonary edema
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| blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter. | pulmonary embolism
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| abnormal breath sounds heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway | rhoncus
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| high pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction of the upper airway | stridor
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| completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months | sudden infant death
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| whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from the narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway. | wheeze
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