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Psych Exam 3

Intro to psych

QuestionAnswer
Our definition of learning a change in behavior as a result of experience
3 types of learning Classical, Instrumental, observational
3 things needed for classical learning UCS, NS/CS, UCR/CR
Classical Conditioning involuntary behaviors
What are UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR UCS: Unconditioned stimulus UCR: Unconditioned response NS: neutral stimulus CS: Conditioned stimulus CR: conditioned response
How UCR change to CR repetition, when learned its CR
How to get rid of CR extinction
If used cow bell as CS to elicit "rolling over" and dog rolled over every time doorbell rang what would this exhibit stimulus generalization
Instrumental Conditioning voluntary behavior
Instrumental conditioning E.L. Thorndikes Law of Effect behavior's followed by positive results will be repeated followed by negative results will not be repeated, consequences effect behavior (ex. cat puzzle boxes, didn't want to go back in the box, repeated their way to get out)
Reinforcement anything that increases the behavior it follows
SR+ SR- SRa Sd Sp+ Sp- Positive reinforcer negative reinforcer avoidance reinforce discrimitive stimulus (schedule/timing) positive punishment (intro to something "bad") negative punishment (removal of something "good")
Shaping successive approximations (baby steps)
punishment anything that decreases the behavior it follows
3 effects of punishment 1- low self esteem 2- dislike for punisher 3- don't always learn correct behavior
3 primary ways to learn about sex/sexuality 1- Judging without naming 2- mislabeling (1993- wife severed husbands penis on news) 3- undefined words
Nature vs. nurture debate of homosexuality nature: biology nurture: environment
Oxytocin chemical is released during symbolic moments "pair bonding"
Hermaphroditism born with both man and women genitals
Intersexuality born with sexual anatomy/reproductive organs that do not fit male or female
Guevedoces born with women genitals and then transform into male genitals and shape into male around age 12
Gestational period 38 weeks
3 stages of gestation germinal, embryonic, fetal
Vernix what baby is covered in - waxy/cheesy
Lanugo fine soft feathery stuff covered on baby
Fontanelle soft spot on baby's head
APGAR scale rates baby on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration
Temporary reflexes infants are born with Babinski (heel to toe) Rooting (baby's cheek) sucking
Consequences of infants not being help enough "Failure to thrive" developmentally, physiologically, and psychologically delayed (Harry Harlow and rhesus monkey's)
Advantages of breastfeeding close contact and touch mother infant bonding (oxytocin) colostrum cheap easier to digest
disadvantages of breastfeeding weaning can be more difficult, have to do more often
personality definition relatively unique and stable pattern of behavior
Freud divided mind into 3 parts conscious, pre-conscious, unconscious
Freud's 2 primary drives Labido and Thanatos (death/aggressiveness)
Freud's 3 mental structures ID: present at birth, biological instincts/ urges, unconscious Ego: 1-2 yrs, sense of self, satisfy ID while taking reality in Super Ego: 4-5 yrs, Judge and censor based on parental and social values
Pleasure Principle Immediate satisfaction to urges
Reality Principle Considers timing, context and situation
Superego's primary defense weapon Guilt
4 defense mechanisms Ego Uses Repression: push unwanted material out of con to uncon Sublimation: channeling of negative ID impulses into socially accepted actions Displacement: impulse expressed, not threatening Denial: deny facts that things happen, evidence in contrary
The Big five personality traits 1- Openness to Experience 2- Conscientiousness 3- Extroversion 4- Agreeableness 5- Neuroticism (OCEAN)
Created by: haley.christel21
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