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States of Matter
Chapter 3 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solid | state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and definite volume |
liquid | state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape |
Gas | the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume |
Kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion |
Pressure | the result of a force distributed over an area |
absolute volume | a temperature of 0 k |
Charles's Law | states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins |
Boyle's Law | states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant |
phase change | the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another |
endothermic | a description of a change in which a system absorbs energy from its surroundings |
heat of fusion | the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a solid to a liquid |
exothermic | a description of a change in which a system releases energy to its surroundings |
vaporization | the phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas |
heat of vaporization | the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a gas |
evaporation | the process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substance's boiling point |
vapor pressure | the pressure caused by the collisions of particles in a vapor with the walls of a container |
condensation | the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid |
Sublimation | the phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first |
deposition | when a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing into a liquid |