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Ancient Greece
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trojan War | Economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy , Mycenaean rescued Greek king's wife. Regarded as a legend |
| Heinrich Schliemann | Wealthy German businessman determined to prove the Trojan war truly happened |
| Homer | Blind poet who wandered from village to village singing of heroic deeds |
| Shrine | Areas dedicated to the honor of gods and goddessess |
| Frescoes | Colorful watercolor paintings done on wet plaster |
| Straits | Narrow water passages |
| How did trade contribute to the development of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations? | The contact with other cultures they acquired technology and ideas that they adapted to their own culture |
| What impact did Mycenaean civilizations have on later Greeks? | They absorbed Egyptian and Mesopotamian influences through trade that they later passed onto other Greeks |
| What values of ancient Greeks are found in the poems of Homer? | Honor, courage, eloquence |
| Peloponnesus | Region where Sparta is located |
| Solon | Wise and trusted leader of Athens in 594 BC, outlawed debt slavery, helped citizens earn rights, and ensured greater fairness and justice to people |
| Cleisthenes | Reformer of Greece who broadened the role of ordinary citizens in the government |
| Zeus | Most powerful Olympian |
| Polis | Greek city-states |
| Acropolis | City on hilltop with temples for gods |
| Monarchy | A government in which a king or queen exercises central power |
| Aristocracy | Rule by landholding elite |
| Oligarchy | Power in the hands of small powerful elite usually from the business class |
| Phalanx | Massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers |
| Helots | Conquered people who were slaves and worked the land |
| Democracy | Government by the people |
| Tyrants | People who gained power by force |
| Legislature | Law-making body |
| Identify two ways that geography influenced Greece | Mountains and valleys created city-states, the seas linked the city-states with the outside world |
| How did noble landowners gain power in Greek city-states? | They were the military defenders of the city because they were the only ones who could afford chariots and bronze weapons |
| How did the phalanx affect Greek society and government? | It created a strong sense of unity among the citizen-soldiers, and decreased class differences |
| Describe the system of education in Sparta | No education only training for battle looking down on trade,wealth, and the arts |
| Describe the education system in Athens | Girls received little or no formal education, while boys attended school learning to read,write,study music,and poetry,military training,and public speaking training |
| What cultural ties united the Greek world? | Religious beliefs and their view of non-greeks |
| Marathon | Darius I was angry at Athens for trying to help the rebels, so they battled them in the city of marathon where Athens ended up beating them |
| Themistocles | Athenian leader at battle of Marathon and encouraged Athens to continue getting ready for the next battle soon to come |
| Delian League | Athens alliance with other Greek city-states |
| Pericles | Statesman of Athens during Golden Age |
| Aspasia | Woman who helped Pericles turn Athens into the cultural center of Greece |
| Alliance | Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense |
| Direct Democracy | When a large number of citizen's take direct part in the day-to-day affairs of the government |
| Stipend | Fixed salary |
| Jury | Panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial |
| Ostracism | Voting or sending away of a public figure who was seen as a threat to democracy |
| Describe two effects of the Persian Wars | Increased Athens individualism and power, started the Delian League |
| How did Pericles contribute to Athenian greatness? | Started direct democracy, and improved economic and cultural life |
| How did the growth of Athenian power lead to war? | Greeks outside of Athens resented their power splitting up Greece |
| Socrates | Athenian philosopher, most knowledge of him comes from his student Plato, Socratic method of asking a series of questions and examining the answers rather than writing books |
| Aristotle | Plato's most famous student who developed his own idea of government, was suspicious of democracy,believed in the golden mean of a moderate course between extremes, and set up the Lyceum for study of all branches of knowledge |
| Parthenon | Athenian building dedicated to Athena, simple rectangle with tall columns and gently clasping roof to show perfect balance and such |
| Sophocles | Tragedy playwright, wrote Antigone which explores what happens when an individual's moral duty conflicts with the laws of the state |
| Euripides | Playwright, suggested that people not the gods were the cause of human misfortune, wrote The Trojan Women |
| Herodotus | The Father of History and applied logic observation and reason to the study of history telling what truly happened at historic events |
| Thucydides | Wrote about the Peloponnesian War, he wrote true to both sides giving an honest account of what happened |
| Logic | Rational thinking |
| Rhetoric | Art of skillful speaking |
| Tragedy | Plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster |
| Comedy | Humorous plays that mocked people or customs |
| Why did Plato reject democracy as a form of government? | It had condemned Socrates |
| Descrive the ideal form of government as set forth in Plato's Republic | Every state should regulate every aspect of citizen's lives in order to provide for their best interests with three classes (workers, soldiers, and philosophers) |
| What standards of beauty did Greek artists follow? | Lifelike and idealistic emphasizing natural poses |
| How were Greek plays performed? | They were performed in large outdoor theaters with little or no scenery |
| What were the topics of Greek poetry and plays? | Tragedy and comedy |
| Philip of Macedonia | King of Macedonia, Aristotle was his teacher as child, had a dream to conquer the prosperous city-states of the south and Persian empire, he was murdered before he could achieve his last goal |
| Stoicism | School of philosophy, urged people to avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought, high moral standards, all people unequal in society were morally equal |
| Pythagoras | Developed theorem to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle |
| Euclid | Wrote The Elements, a textbook that became the basis for modern geometry |
| Archimedes | Applied principals of physics to invent practical inventions such as the lever and pulley |
| Hippocrates | Studied the causes of illnesses and looked for cures |
| Assassination | Murder of a public figure usually for political reasons |
| Assimilate | Absorb |
| Heliocentric | Sun-centered |
| What was the extent of Alexander's vast empire? | Macedonia, Greece, Egypt, and Persia |
| How did Alexander's conquests lead to a new civilization? | Greek cultures spread to all of the lands he had conquered and had also mixed with the local cultures |
| What new ideas did the Stoics introduce? | To avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought you |
Created by:
caroline_cole