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IB Chem Organic SL
Question | Answer |
---|---|
C=C | alkene |
R-OH | alcohol |
RCHO | aldehyde |
RCOR | ketone |
RCOOH | carboxylic acid |
RX | halogenoalkane |
RNH2 | amine |
RONH2 | amide |
RCOOR | ester |
ROR | ether |
Hydrocarbon | compounds that contain mostly hydrogen and carbon |
Homologous series | compounds with the same general formula |
Molecular formula | shows the number of atoms only |
Structural formula | shows how the atoms are arranged |
Empirical formula | shows lowest whole number ratio of atoms |
Structural isomer | same molecular formula but different structure |
Alkane functional group | none (Alkyl) |
Alkene functional group | Alkenyl |
Alkyne functional group | Alkynyl |
Saturated hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds |
Unsaturated hydrocarbon | Alkene or alkyne |
Alcohol functional group | hydroxy |
Ether functional group | ether |
Aldehyde functional group | carbonyl |
Ketone functional group | carbonyl |
Ester functional group | carboxyl |
Carboxylic acid functional group | carboxyl |
Amine functional group | amine |
Amide functional group | amido |
Ether functional group | alkoxy |
Structural isomer | Constitutional isomer, same molecular formula, different structure (includes chain, position, functional group differences) |
Carbocation | Carbon with a positive charge stabilised by decreasing hydrogen bonds , increaing carbon bonds |
Dimers | Joining of 2 subunits |
Radical | Species with an incomplete valence shell. Highly reactive. |
Heterolytic fission | 2 unequal ions (cation and anion) |
Homolytic fission | 2 equal ions (2 radicals) |
Nucleophile | species able to donate an electon pair, lewis base |
Electrophile | species able to accept an electron pair, lewis acid |
catenation | elements that can form bonds (chains) with itself |
Polymer | Large molecule consisting of repeating monomer units |
Monomer | Small repetitive units in a polymer |