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IB Chem Organic SL

QuestionAnswer
C=C alkene
R-OH alcohol
RCHO aldehyde
RCOR ketone
RCOOH carboxylic acid
RX halogenoalkane
RNH2 amine
RONH2 amide
RCOOR ester
ROR ether
Hydrocarbon compounds that contain mostly hydrogen and carbon
Homologous series compounds with the same general formula
Molecular formula shows the number of atoms only
Structural formula shows how the atoms are arranged
Empirical formula shows lowest whole number ratio of atoms
Structural isomer same molecular formula but different structure
Alkane functional group none (Alkyl)
Alkene functional group Alkenyl
Alkyne functional group Alkynyl
Saturated hydrocarbon hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds
Unsaturated hydrocarbon Alkene or alkyne
Alcohol functional group hydroxy
Ether functional group ether
Aldehyde functional group carbonyl
Ketone functional group carbonyl
Ester functional group carboxyl
Carboxylic acid functional group carboxyl
Amine functional group amine
Amide functional group amido
Ether functional group alkoxy
Structural isomer Constitutional isomer, same molecular formula, different structure (includes chain, position, functional group differences)
Carbocation Carbon with a positive charge stabilised by decreasing hydrogen bonds , increaing carbon bonds
Dimers Joining of 2 subunits
Radical Species with an incomplete valence shell. Highly reactive.
Heterolytic fission 2 unequal ions (cation and anion)
Homolytic fission 2 equal ions (2 radicals)
Nucleophile species able to donate an electon pair, lewis base
Electrophile species able to accept an electron pair, lewis acid
catenation elements that can form bonds (chains) with itself
Polymer Large molecule consisting of repeating monomer units
Monomer Small repetitive units in a polymer
Created by: andrewweng0406
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