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APUSH Chapter 26
APUSH 2014/2015
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sitting Bull | a leader of the Sioux tribe; arrested for his support of the Ghost dance and died in the Battle of Wounded Knee |
| George A. Custer | set out in 1874 with the Seventh Cavalry to return Plains Indians to the Sioux reservation; defeated an Indian army that outnumbered his men 10 to 1 |
| Chief Joseph | leader of the Nez Percé tribe; fled with his tribe to Canada instead of the reservations; US troops came and brought them to a reservation |
| Geronimo | leader of the Apache tribe; had an enormous hatred for whites, fought against them when they were trying to push Apaches off of their land; surrendered in Mexico |
| Helen Hunt Jackson | author who wrote A Century of Dishonor, which chronicled the government's misdeeds against Indians; her writing helped inspire sympathy for Indians |
| John Wesley Powell | an explorer and geologist who warned that agriculture could not survive west of the 100th meridian |
| William Hope Harvey | author of the popular pro-silver pamphlet "Coins Financial School" |
| Mary Elizabeth Lease | an eloquent Kansas populist who urged farmers to "raise less corn and more hell" |
| Frederick Jackson Turner | American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new place to move into; therefore the frontier was a solution for social problems such as homelessness |
| James B. Weaver | nominated by Populists for the 1892 election; gained support primarily in the west |
| Jacob S. Coxey | marched on Washington in 1894 demanding that the govt relieve unemployment by an inflationary public works program |
| Eugene V. Debs | labor leader arrested during the Pullman Strike in 1894 |
| William McKinley | 25th president responsible for the Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, the annexation of Hawaii, imperialism; assassinated by an anarchist |
| Marcus Alonzo Hanna | Ohio businessman and Hamiltonian who aided McKinley personally and politically; he believed in "trickle down" economics; his campaign helped nominated McKinley |
| William Jennings Bryan | congressman who spoke for the cause of free silver, advocating for the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act; gained a democratic nomination in 1896 after his "Cross of Gold Speech" |
| Sioux Wars | lasted from 1876-1877; spurred by gold-greedy miners in Sioux land who were breaking a treaty; Sitting Bull vs. Custer |
| Nez Percé | Indian tribe that fled capture from US troops and almost made it to Canada before they were captured and put in a reservation |
| Apache | Indian tribe that was led by Geronimo; very difficult to control; chased into Mexico by federal troops |
| Ghost Dance | a cult ritual that attempted to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire young people to fight; crushed at Battle of Wounded Knee; led to Dawes Severalty Act |
| Battle of Wounded Knee | a group of Christian missionaries accompanied by American troops attempted to convert Indians to Christianity; the troops stormed the reservation killing many Indians |
| Dawes Severalty Act | 1887; dismantled Indian tribes as legal entities; set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres of land each; tried to make rugged individualists out of Indians and attempted to assimilate Indians into American society |
| Little Big Horn | battle in which General Custer and his men were wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse |
| Buffalo Soliders | African-American soldiers who formed 1/5 of the frontier soldiers after the Civil War; nicknamed for their resemblance to buffalos |
| Comstock Lode | valuable silver found here; caused many Californians and "fifty-niners" to migrate to Nevada |
| Long Drive | process by which Texas cowboys would herd cattle over plains until they reached a railroad terminal |
| Homestead Act | passed in 1862; stated that a settler could acquire up to 160 acres of land and pay a minimal fee just for living on it and settling it for 5 years; land was actually ravaged by drought and hard to cultivate |
| Sooner State | Oklahoma's nickname because many people entered it illegally before it officially became a state |
| safety-valve theory | as the population of the US increased there was always a way to release the population; the west had always acted as a safety valve but by 1890 the safety valve was gone because there was no more frontier |
| Bonanza Farms | large farms that came to dominate agriculture in the West; used large amounts of machinery and hired workers that were trained to do one very specific thing |
| National Grange | formed in 1867 as a support system for struggling western farmers; an educational and social organization under the leadership of Oliver Kelly; lobbied state and federal governments for legislation that would protect farmers from big business |
| Granger Laws | a series of laws passed in Western states after the Civil War to regulate grain elevator and railroad rates and rebates |
| Farmers' Alliance | sponsored social gatherings, active in politics, fought against the dominance of big businesses |
| Colored Farmer's National Alliance | an alliance of farmers designed to attract black farmers bc it was difficult for black and white farmers to work together |
| Populist Party | began to emerge in 1891; gained support from farmers who wanted to fight political unfairness; progressive platform |
| Coin's Financial School | pamphlet released by William Hope Harvey; advocated the use of silver coins |
| Coxey's Army | a group of people that marched on Washington demanding jobs; were arrested |
| Pullman Strike | strike led by Eugene V. Debs; US military stepped in because strikers were interfering with US mail |
| Cross of Gold Speech | a speech given by William Jennings Bryan that advocated the use of silver coins |
| Gold Bugs | Democrats who couldn't stand Bryan's ideas on silver coinage and left the democratic party |
| "16 to 1" | the rate of silver to gold that silver would be worth |
| "fourth party system" | political era of Republican dominance beginning in 1896, when many key issues faded |
| Dingley Tariff Bill | replaced the Wilson-Gormon law and raised the tariff |
| Gold Standard Act | ended pro-silver opposition; allowed paper money to be redeemed freely for gold |
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