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Carbon Monoxide
Tox Test 4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Describe the hemoglobin protein. | Transports oxygen throughout the body. Composed of 4 subunits. |
What is cooperative binding? | When one oxygen binds hemoglobin, is causes steric conformational changes in the protein complex that gives the other 3 subunits a greater affinity for oxygen. |
How tightly does CO bind hemoglobin? | 210-260 times stronger than oxygen |
How does CO kill you? | CO binds hemoglobin so tightly that it can't release. Over time, cells and tissues die from a lack of oxygen. |
What are the effects of CO? | Headache, weakness, dizziness, blurry vision, breathlessness, collapse, seizures, coma, death. |
What are the expected blood concentrations of CO? | Non-smoker: 0-5% Smoker: up to 10% Death: 50-60% |
How is CO eliminated? | CO is eliminated predominately through exhalation. |
What is the half life of CO? | Ambient air: 4-6 hours 100% Oxygen: 80 minutes Hyperbaric oxygen: 30 minutes |
What is micro diffusion? | Qualitative method to identify CO. |
How does micro diffusion work? | Acid destroys hemoglobin and releases CO. Free CO reduces PD, giving a metallic sheen. |
What is the reaction for the spectrophotometry method? | Ammoniun hydroxide hemolyzes blood. Sodium Dithionite reduces oxyHb and metHb, but not carboxyHb. |
What wavelengths are monitored in the spectrophotometry method? | 510, 540, 555, and 600 nm |