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Parts of the Brain
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cerebral Crotex | The outermost layer of the cerebral hemisphere which is composed of gray matter. Cortices are asymmetrical. Both hemispheres are able to analyze sensory data, perform memory functions, learn new information, form thoughts and make decisions. |
| Cerebrum | largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action |
| Amygdalas | integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation |
| Thalamus | small structure within the brain located just above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain and has extensive nerve connections to both. The main function of the thalamus is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex. |
| Hypothalmus | link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brainstem. |
| Pituitary Gland | pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus and attached to it by nerve fibers. It is part of the endocrine system and produces hormones which control other glands as well as various bodily functions. |
| Hippocampus | commands many bodily functions: the limbic system, which is located in the brain's medial temporal lobe. The hippocampus is responsible for long-term or "declarative" memory. |
| Corpus Callosum | link the two cerebral hemispheres and allow the two sides of the brain to intercommunicate. |
| Brain Stem | portion of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord and comprises the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and parts of the hypothalamus, functioning in the control of reflexes and such essential internal mechanisms as respiration and heartbeat |
| Cerebellum | receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements. |
| Frontal Lobes | frontal lobes are involved in motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior. |
| Temporal Lobes | The temporal lobe is involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex. |
| Parietal Lobes | involves sensation and perception and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system. The first function integrates sensory information to form a single perception (cognition). |
| Occipital Lobes | the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. |
| Reticular Formation | (an inner core of gray matter found in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata) of the pontine tegmentum contains multiple cell groups that influence motor function |
| Limbic System | a group of forebrain structures that has the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. These are involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory. The limbic system is where the subcortical structures meet the cerebral cortex |
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