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Chapter 3 Vocabulary
Science
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solid | The state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume. |
liquid | The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape. |
gas | The state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. |
kinetic energy | The energy an object has due to its motion. |
pressure | The result of a force distributed over an area. |
absolute zero | A temperature of 0 K. |
Charlie's Law | States that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number particles of the gas are constant. |
Boyle's Law | States that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant. |
phase change | The reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. |
endothermic | The system absorbs energy from its surroundings. |
heat of fusion | The amount of energy that melts in water. |
exothermic | The system releases energy to its surroundings. |
vaporization | The phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. |
heat of vaporization | 2261 joules |
evaporation | The process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substance's boiling point. |
vapor pressure | The pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container. |
condensation | The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid. |
sublimation | The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing into a liquid first. |
deposition | When a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without changing into a liquid first. |