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Psychology
Mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who do I love? | Vickie |
| Hindsight Bias | The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have foreseen it (I knew it all along phenomenon). |
| Case Study | An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
| Survey | A technique for ascertaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them. |
| Naturalistic Observation | Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. |
| Experiment | A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimental aims to control o |
| Retinal Disparity | A binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object. |
| Gestalt | An organized whole. Gestalt Psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. |
| Kinesthesis | The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. |
| Audition | The sense or act of hearing. |
| Accommodation | The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. |
| Gate Control Theory | Theory that the spinal chord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass onto the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or |
| Place Theory | In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated. |
| Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret. |
| Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. |
| Difference Threshold | The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference. |
| Perception | The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. |
| Authoritarian Parent | "Go to bed because I said so!" The time to be an authoritarian parent is when the child is at its youngest until about 5. |
| Authoritative Parent | "Go to bed because it's healthy to get at least 7 hours of sleep a night." This parent gives explanations as to why they should do something. Parents should do this when their children are between ages 6-12ish. |
| Permissive Parent | The friend. The parent should do this when their child is about 19 and older. |
| Assimilation | Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's schemes |
| Accommodation | Piaget!! Adapting ones current understanding (schema) to incorporate new information. |
| Schema in Piaget's Mind | The maturing brain builds concepts |
| Habituation | Decreasing Responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. |
| Gender-wise, what is the XX chromosome and what is the XY chromosome? | XX is a girl, XY is a boy |
| Gender Role | A set of expected behaviors for males and for females. |
| DZ Twins are what? MZ twins are what? | DZ twins are fraternal twins. They share 50% of the genes and come from two different zygotes. MZ twins share 100% genes and are identical! |
| The occipital lobes are to....as the temporal lobes are to.... | Occipital - sight and temporal - hear |
| Rooting Reflex | A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple. |
| True for False? Is the blind spot is located in the area of the retina? | Yes. |
| What are genes made up of? | Genes are made up of DNA. DNA is the chemical units of the genetic code. |
| Gender Schema Theory | The theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly. |
| Gender Identity | One's sense of being male or female. |
| Social Learning Theory | The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished. |
| Myelin Sheath | A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons, enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. |
| Brainstem | The oldest and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal chord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for AUTOMATIC SURVIVAL FUNCTIONS. |
| Hippocampus | A neural center located in the limbic that helps process explicit memories for storage. |
| Corpus Callosum | The large bands of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. |
| Synapse | The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft. |
| Action Potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axons membrane. |
| Dendrite | The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cells body. |
| Neuron | A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. |
| Axon | The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
| Theory | An explanation using an integrated set principles that organizes and predicts observations. |
| Mean | Average |
| Mode | The most frequently occurring score in a distribution |
| Median | Middle score in distribution |
| Sensation | Detecting physical energy and encoding it into neural signals. |
| Perception | After sensation is achieved, perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting to give meaning. |
| Erikson's Theory | Erikson contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution. |
| What does the CNS consist of? | Brain and Spine |
Created by:
dulian21
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