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chapter 3 vocab
science
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solid | the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume |
liquid | the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape |
gas | the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. |
kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion |
pressure | the result of a force distributed over an area |
absolute zero | a temperature of 0 K |
Charles's law | states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles of the gas are constant |
Boyle's law | states hat the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant |
phase change | the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another |
endothermic | the system absorbs energy from its surroundings |
heat of fusion | the amount of energy absorbed depends on the substance, that amount is this, for water |
exothermic | the system releases energy to its surroundings |
vaporization | a phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas |
heat of vaporization | a substance must absorb energy energy in order to change from a liquid into a gas, the amount of energy when it vaporizes |
evaporation | the process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substances boiling point v |
vapor pressure | the pressure caused, water increases as the temperature increases |
condensation | the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid |
sublimation | the phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first |
deposition | when a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing to a liquid, this is the phase change |