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Chapter 3
Vocab words
Term | Definition |
---|---|
solid | the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume |
liquid | the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape |
gas | the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume` |
kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion |
pressure | the result of a force distributed over an area |
absolute zero | temperature at 0 K |
Charles's law | states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles of the gas are constant |
Boyle's law | states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of [articles are constant |
phase change | the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another |
endothermic | a description of a change in which a system absorbs energy from its surrounding |
heat of fusion | the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a solid to a liquid |
exothermic | a description of a change in which a system releases energy to its surroundings |
vaporization | phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas |
heat of vaporization | the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from liquid to a gas |
evaporation | process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substance's boiling point |
vapor pressure | pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container |
condensation | the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid |
sublimation | the phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first |
deposition | gas or vapor change directly into a solid without first changing to a liquid |