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Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body.
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Which of the following groups of chemicals includes ONLY monosaccharides:
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Anatomy Chapter 2 T
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body. | True |
| Which of the following groups of chemicals includes ONLY monosaccharides: | glucose, fructose, galactose |
| Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule: | hydrochloric acid |
| Which of these vitamins is NOT fat-soluble: | Vitamin C |
| Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? | they are biological catalysts |
| Glycogen is the storage form of _____ in animals | glucose |
| The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by: | hydrogen bonds |
| Nucleotides are composed of: | phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogen-containing base |
| The major function of potassium is to: | play a role i nerve impulse transmission and muscle contractions |
| In the chemical reaction, HCl + NaOH --> H2O + NaCl is considered to be: | base |
| An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) | protons |
| why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid? | ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine |
| The reaction sucrose + water --> glucose + fructose is an example of a(n): | decomposition reaction |
| The four most common elements in the human body, in order of descending quantity, are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen | False |
| Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ____ electron(s) | 2 |
| Which of these substances is an enzyme? | oxidase |
| The four most common elements that comprise over 97% of the mass of the human body are? | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen |
| Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound: | water |
| glucose and starch are examples of: | carbohydrates |
| Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation | true |
| On the pH scale, zero is considered to be neutral because hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions are equal | false |
| Monomers are joined together to form more complex molecules through: | synthesis reactions |
| the lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions | true |
| the number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element. | true |
| substance that releases hydrogen ions | acid |
| substance that is a proton donor | acid |
| most abundant inorganic compound i nthe body | water |
| substance that releases equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions | neutral |
| ionic compound containing cations other than hydrogens and anions other than hydroxyls | salt |
| The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of: | protons in the atomic nucleus |
| An atom that has lost two electrons is called a(n): | cation |
| In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units: | water molecules must be added to each bond |
| when a solution produces equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, it is said to be neutral | true |
| Which of the following statements about RNA is true? | RNA is single stranded |
| ___ are simple sugars containing between 3 and 7 carbon atoms | monosaccharides |
| All ____ have an amine (NH2) group. | amino acids |
| Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of ___ and ____ | protons and electrons |
| Isotopes differ from other atoms of the same element only in the number of___ | neutrons |
| The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of: | electrical energy |
| Which of the following is the role of magnesium: | it is present in bone and is important cofactor for enzyme activity in a number of metabolic reactions |
| The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the: | electrons |
| The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is called the ___ | atomic mass number |
| An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons and 6 electrons share four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be: | stable |
| The particle(s) located within the nucleus | protons and neutrons |
| The particle(s) contributing to the atomic number | proton(s) |
| The particles shared during covalent bond formation | electrons |
| the particles that differ between isotopes | neutrons |
| the particles contributing to the atomic mass | protons and neutrons |
| the number of protons is equal to the number of these subatomic particles | electrons |
| the particles lost during cation formation | electrons |
| Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group? | enzymes - proteins |
| Isotopes have different numbers of _____; thus they also have different _____ | neutrons, atomic masses |
| A solution with a pH of 11.7 is ____ times more basic (alkaline) than a solution with a pH of 8.7 | 1000 |
| The most abundant element in the human body is | oxygen |
| acids are defined as protons donors since they release hydrogen ions | true |
| which of the following statements about ATP is false? | its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds |
| A solution with a pH of 7: | is neutral |
| Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of: | hydrogen atoms |
| the organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the: | proteins |
| every atom in a molecule has a full valence shell. | true |
| Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide? | phosphate containing base |
| Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for: | surface tension |
| Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to be ___ | matter |
| Which of the following solution is the weakest acid? | a solution with a pH of 6.4 |
| Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ___ | unequal |
| Two or more polypeptides combine to form a complex structure called: | quaternary structure |
| The most common steroid is: | cholesterol |
| compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed ____ compounds | organic |
| Enzymes are examples of ____ proteins | functional |
| An atom with an atomic number of 14 with have ___ electrons in its valence shell | 4 |
| Negatively charged atoms are called cations | false |
| Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of ____ in an atom | protons and neutrons |
| Enzymes: | increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a millionfold |
| Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy. | false |
| Which of the following contains sodium? | NaCl |
| An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is: | 14 |
| Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ____ energy | electrical |
| Carbon is found in all inorganic compounds | false |
| Unsaturated fats contain one or more ___ bonds between carbom atoms. | both double or triple |
| Glucose and fructose are classified as disaccharides | false |
| the sugar found in DNA is: | deoxyribose |
| When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms the bond is a: | nonpolar covalent bond |
| Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carboyhydrates called ___ | polysaccharides |
| A lipid containing three fatty acid chains and one glycerol is called: | a triglyceride |
| Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction> | increased temperatrue |
| An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is a: | cation |
| Atoms are the smallest particles of a compound that still retain the properties of that compound | false |
| Type of lipid composed of four interlocking rings | steroids |
| Nucleotides form the building blocks of these organic compounds | nucleic acids |
| most of this organic compound group are water insoluble | lipids |
| the hydrolysis of proteins produces these building blocks | amino acids |
| DNA, RNA, and ATP are types of these organic compounds | nucleic acids |
| Building block is the monosaccharide | carbohydrate |
| Triglycerides, steroids, and fat-soluble vitamins are types of these organic compounds | lipids |
| Antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes are types of these organic compounds | proteins |
| Monosaccharides join to become a polysaccharide through a chemical reaction called ____. | both dehydration synthesis and anabolic process |
| Phospholipids are composed of three fatty acid chains attached to one glycerol head. | false |
| Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary | adenine and thymine |
| Saturated fats: | exist as solids at room temperature |
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amh159