Anatomy Chapter 2 T
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| Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body. | True
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| Which of the following groups of chemicals includes ONLY monosaccharides: | glucose, fructose, galactose
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| Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule: | hydrochloric acid
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| Which of these vitamins is NOT fat-soluble: | Vitamin C
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| Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? | they are biological catalysts
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| Glycogen is the storage form of _____ in animals | glucose
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| The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by: | hydrogen bonds
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| Nucleotides are composed of: | phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogen-containing base
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| The major function of potassium is to: | play a role i nerve impulse transmission and muscle contractions
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| In the chemical reaction, HCl + NaOH --> H2O + NaCl is considered to be: | base
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| An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) | protons
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| why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid? | ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine
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| The reaction sucrose + water --> glucose + fructose is an example of a(n): | decomposition reaction
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| The four most common elements in the human body, in order of descending quantity, are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen | False
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| Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ____ electron(s) | 2
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| Which of these substances is an enzyme? | oxidase
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| The four most common elements that comprise over 97% of the mass of the human body are? | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
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| Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound: | water
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| glucose and starch are examples of: | carbohydrates
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| Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation | true
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| On the pH scale, zero is considered to be neutral because hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions are equal | false
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| Monomers are joined together to form more complex molecules through: | synthesis reactions
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| the lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions | true
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| the number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element. | true
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| substance that releases hydrogen ions | acid
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| substance that is a proton donor | acid
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| most abundant inorganic compound i nthe body | water
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| substance that releases equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions | neutral
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| ionic compound containing cations other than hydrogens and anions other than hydroxyls | salt
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| The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of: | protons in the atomic nucleus
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| An atom that has lost two electrons is called a(n): | cation
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| In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units: | water molecules must be added to each bond
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| when a solution produces equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, it is said to be neutral | true
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| Which of the following statements about RNA is true? | RNA is single stranded
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| ___ are simple sugars containing between 3 and 7 carbon atoms | monosaccharides
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| All ____ have an amine (NH2) group. | amino acids
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| Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of ___ and ____ | protons and electrons
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| Isotopes differ from other atoms of the same element only in the number of___ | neutrons
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| The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of: | electrical energy
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| Which of the following is the role of magnesium: | it is present in bone and is important cofactor for enzyme activity in a number of metabolic reactions
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| The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the: | electrons
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| The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is called the ___ | atomic mass number
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| An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons and 6 electrons share four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be: | stable
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| The particle(s) located within the nucleus | protons and neutrons
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| The particle(s) contributing to the atomic number | proton(s)
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| The particles shared during covalent bond formation | electrons
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| the particles that differ between isotopes | neutrons
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| the particles contributing to the atomic mass | protons and neutrons
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| the number of protons is equal to the number of these subatomic particles | electrons
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| the particles lost during cation formation | electrons
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| Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group? | enzymes - proteins
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| Isotopes have different numbers of _____; thus they also have different _____ | neutrons, atomic masses
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| A solution with a pH of 11.7 is ____ times more basic (alkaline) than a solution with a pH of 8.7 | 1000
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| The most abundant element in the human body is | oxygen
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| acids are defined as protons donors since they release hydrogen ions | true
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| which of the following statements about ATP is false? | its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds
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| A solution with a pH of 7: | is neutral
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| Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of: | hydrogen atoms
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| the organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the: | proteins
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| every atom in a molecule has a full valence shell. | true
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| Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide? | phosphate containing base
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| Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for: | surface tension
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| Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to be ___ | matter
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| Which of the following solution is the weakest acid? | a solution with a pH of 6.4
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| Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ___ | unequal
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| Two or more polypeptides combine to form a complex structure called: | quaternary structure
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| The most common steroid is: | cholesterol
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| compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed ____ compounds | organic
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| Enzymes are examples of ____ proteins | functional
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| An atom with an atomic number of 14 with have ___ electrons in its valence shell | 4
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| Negatively charged atoms are called cations | false
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| Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of ____ in an atom | protons and neutrons
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| Enzymes: | increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a millionfold
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| Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy. | false
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| Which of the following contains sodium? | NaCl
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| An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is: | 14
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| Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ____ energy | electrical
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| Carbon is found in all inorganic compounds | false
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| Unsaturated fats contain one or more ___ bonds between carbom atoms. | both double or triple
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| Glucose and fructose are classified as disaccharides | false
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| the sugar found in DNA is: | deoxyribose
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| When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms the bond is a: | nonpolar covalent bond
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| Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carboyhydrates called ___ | polysaccharides
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| A lipid containing three fatty acid chains and one glycerol is called: | a triglyceride
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| Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction> | increased temperatrue
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| An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is a: | cation
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| Atoms are the smallest particles of a compound that still retain the properties of that compound | false
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| Type of lipid composed of four interlocking rings | steroids
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| Nucleotides form the building blocks of these organic compounds | nucleic acids
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| most of this organic compound group are water insoluble | lipids
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| the hydrolysis of proteins produces these building blocks | amino acids
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| DNA, RNA, and ATP are types of these organic compounds | nucleic acids
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| Building block is the monosaccharide | carbohydrate
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| Triglycerides, steroids, and fat-soluble vitamins are types of these organic compounds | lipids
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| Antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes are types of these organic compounds | proteins
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| Monosaccharides join to become a polysaccharide through a chemical reaction called ____. | both dehydration synthesis and anabolic process
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| Phospholipids are composed of three fatty acid chains attached to one glycerol head. | false
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| Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary | adenine and thymine
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| Saturated fats: | exist as solids at room temperature
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