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Neuroanatomy
A&P Vestibular Sys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bony Labyrinth: _______ = high Na/ low K | Perilymph |
| Membranous Labyrinth: ________ = high K/ low Na | Endolymph |
| _____ cells = receptors of labyrinth | Hair |
| movement of hair bundle and gel --> electrical response --> excitatory --> increase or decrease in firing of ____ | CN VIII |
| _____ division conveys information about sound | Cochlea |
| the 3 general layers of the Cochlea division are the _____, _____, and _____ | outer, middle, inner |
| sound vibrates ________ membrane --> middle ear ossicles --> perilymph --> resulting in changes in the basilar membrane .. organ of Corti | tympanic |
| types of hearing loss: ______ hearing loss = sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear are blocked | conductive |
| conductive hearing loss can be caused by ______ ____ in the auditory canal, _____ buildup in the middle ear, ____ ______, or abnormal _____ growth. | ear wax, fluid, ear infections, bone |
| types of hearing loss: ______ hearing loss = damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve. | sensorineural |
| sensorineural hearing loss can be caused by _____ injury, ____ defects, ____ or _____ | head, birth, HTN or stroke |
| _______ is hearing loss most commonly due to age related changes. | presbycusis |
| _______ is sensitivity to sound | hypercusis |
| _______ is abnormal sounds (e.g. ringing, buzzing, etc.) | tinnitus |
| the peripheral vestibular system has 5 sensory organs: 3 ______ and 2 _____ | semicircular canals, otoliths |
| Vestibular system: our _____ ear provide info about where we are in space - upright or leaning | inner |
| we rely on _____ cues most during movement | vestibular |
| our inner ear controls info about ___ & ___ cooridnation as well as ______ strategies. | eye & head, balance |
| semicircular canals are responsible for ______ motion. | angular |
| semicircular canals are oriented ___ degrees from eachother and pick up info in all planes. ___ degrees from the sagittal plane. | 90, 45 |
| ______ - " bubble-like " projection containing crista | ampulla |
| Otoliths are responsible for ______ motion. | linear |
| the _____ and the _____ are the two otoliths. | uticle, saccule |
| the 3 semicircular canals are the ____, _____, and _______ | anterior, posterior, and horizontal |
| _____ - houses the hair cells and rest on a tuft of nn fibers, blood vessels and supporting cells | Crista |
| _____ - gelatinous membrane that overlies each crista, resulting in a 'coupling' between head motion and hair cell movement. | Cupula |
| Cupula has the same specific gravity as ________, therefore NOT pulled by gravity. | endolymph |
| The utricle senses ______ linear while the saccule contributes to the ______ movements. | horizontal, vertical |
| Sensory hair cells or '______' are also covered by a gelatinous membrane which contain otoconia | maculae |
| _______ - calcium carbonate crystals or 'ear rocks' which causes the maculae to be sensitive to gravity. | Otoconia |
| sensory hair cells convert head motion (both angular and linear) into _____ firing | neural |
| Neurons firing send messages to the brain resulting in __________ of the head and body in space as well as _________ eye and head movement | orientation, cooridinated |
| when information getting to the brain is incorrect or the processing is incorrect the result from eithe is sensory conflict that usually leads to _____, _____, and often times ______ | imbalance, dizziness, nausea |
| there are two main areas for vestibular input: 1) _____ _____ complex - " primary processor "2) ______ " the adaptive processor " | vestibular nuclear complex, cerebellum |
| ____-____ ____ VOR: the purpose is to maintain stable vision during head movement, thus controlling eye-head coordination | vestibular-ocular reflex |
| _____-____ ___ VSR: the purpose is to stabilize the head and body, thus controlling skeletal muscle and coordination for balance. | vestibular-spinal reflex |
| _______ - generated calorics ( COWS ) and position change, cardinal sign for vestibular dysfunction | Nystagmus |
| _____ and _____ are the 3rd most common complaint to physicians, following headaches and LBP | dizziness and imbalance |
| ___% of the population over the age of 40 will experience a balance or dizziness disorder during the lifetime | 40% |
| of patients 65 and older, ___% of them will fall in a given year -- more than _______ hip fx | 50%, 300,000 |
| falls are the ______ cause of death from injury in persons over 65 years. | leading |
| __% complaints of dizziness are due to vestibular problem | 85% |
| >___% of MHI released from hospital as 'normal' have residual symptoms | 50% |
| Endolymph Hydrops/Meniere's Disease - deals with _____ _____ | fluid problem |
| Labyrinthitis/Neuronities - involves an ____ ____ _____ | inner ear infection |
| Fistula - is when there is a _____ __ _____ | rupture in membrane |
| Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo - is having _____ _____ ___ | misplaced ear rocks |
| Trauma - either ____ pressure, or a blow to the _____ | barometric, head |
| Acoustic Neuroma - ____ _____ | benign tumor |
| Ototoxicity - can be caused from ____, or _______ | meds, chemicals |
| Clinical sxs of Vestibular Pathology include imbalance/_____, dizziness, _______, visual blurriness, ______ , tinnitus, fatigue | falls, nystagmus, nausea |
| Clinical sxs of CNS Pathology include _____, spontaneous ______, poor muscle ____/____, decrreased postural control, poor oculomotor control | ataxia, nystagmus, tone/control |
| Clinical Summary: __________ and _____ cues are compared with vestibular cues to produce compensatory oculomotor and postural responses. | somatosensory, visual |
| the result of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular cues is " _____ ______ ". When these systems work appropriately and seamlessly, balance occurs subconsciously. | sensory integration |
| Somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems have a high level of ______ and _____ which allows for compensation through appropriate medical intervention. | plasticity, redundancy |
Created by:
txst fall 2008
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