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Genetics
Science vocab #3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hereditary | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| purebread | The offspring of many generations that have the same trait |
| trait | A characteristic that an organism can pause on to its offspring through genes |
| offspring | a organism that the parents give traits to |
| gene | the set of information that controls a trait |
| alleles | different forms of a gene |
| dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| recessive allele | an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| genotype | an organism's genetic make up, or allele combinations |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits |
| meiosis | a type of cell division ending with four cells |
| haploid | A or an organism having half the number of chromosomes in a cell |
| diploid | A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes |
| sex-linked gene | A gene carried on the X or Y chromosome |
| sex chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine if a person is male or female |
| carrier | A person that has a recessive allele for a trait,but does not have the trait |
| genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| selective breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents for the next generations |
| inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed |
| hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed |
| clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it is produced |
| genetic engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism to another organism,in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
| gene therapy | the insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to stop the disorder |
| mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
| insertion | The act or process of inserting |
| deletion | the action or process of deleting something |
| substitution | the action of replacing someone or something with another person or thing |
| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | the joining of an egg and a sperm |
| punnet square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result in a genetic cross |
| messenger RNA | RNA that copies the codded message from the DNA in the nucleus |
| transfer RNA | RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain |
| multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
| genome | all the DNA in one cell of an organism |
| probability | a number that describes how likely an event will occur |
| chromotid | two threadlike strands which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division |
Created by:
wnipper
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