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AP Rhetorical Terms
AP English Language: Rhetorical Analysis Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| audience | the listener, viewer, or reader of a text |
| connotation | meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition |
| context | the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text |
| ethos | Greek for "character". Speakers appeal to _______ to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic |
| logos | Greek for "embodied thought". Speakers appeal to _____ or reason by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up. |
| occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written |
| pathos | Greek for "suffering" or "experience". Speakers appeal to _____ to emotional motivate their audience. These appeals might play on the audience's values, desires, and hopes on the one hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other. |
| persona | Greek for "mask." The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience. |
| purpose | the goal the speaker wants to achieve |
| rhetoric | the art of finding ways to persuade an audience |
| rhetorical appeals | ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion) |
| rhetorical triangle | a diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining the context of a text |
| speaker | the person or group who creates a text |
| subject | the topic of a text. What the text is about. |
| alliteration | repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in a sequence |
| diction | the author's choice of words. Could change in level, i.e.: Elevated, Conversational, Casual, Colloquialism, Jargon, Slang, etc. |
| tone | the author's/writer's attitude toward their subject |
| allusion | brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictional) or to a work of art |
| anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines |
| antimetabole | repetition of words in reverse order |
| antithesis | opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in parallel construction |
| archaic diction | old-fashioned or outdated choice of words |
| cumulative sentence | sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on |
| hortative sentence | sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action |
| imperative sentence | sentence used to command or enjoin |
| inversion | inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject - verb- object order) |
| juxtaposition | placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences |
| metaphor | figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as |
| oxymoron | paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another |
| parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words |
| periodic structure | sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end |
| personification | attribution of lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea |
| rhetorical question | figure of speech in the form of a question poised for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer |
| synedoche | figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole |
| zeugma | use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous meanings |
| analogy | a comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things. Often an analogy uses something simple or familiar to explain something unfamiliar or complex |
| archaic diction | old-fashioned or outdated choice of words |
| figurative language | non-literal language, often evoking strong imagery, comparing one thing to another (simile/metaphor) |
| personification | giving human qualities to a non-human thing |
| hyperbole | an overstatement or exaggeration made for a point |
| irony | a figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one ting but means something else, or when what is said is the opposite of what is expected |
| paradox | a statement or situation that is seemingly contradictory on the surface, but delivers an ironic truth |
| rhetorical question | figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer |
| syntax | the arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Includes word order; the length and structure of sentences; schemes such as parallelism, juxtaposition, antithesis, and antimetabole |
| synthesize | combining two or more ideas in order to create something more complex in support of a new idea |
| wit | in rhetoric, the use of laughter, humor, irony, and satire in the confirmation or refutation of an argument |
| imagery | a description of how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, or sounds; may use literal or figurative language to appeal to the senses |
Created by:
MrsHawksODCS
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