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Chapter 2 Med Terms
Medical Terminology-Cytology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cytology | The study of formation, structure, and function of cells. |
cell membrane | The structure that surrounds and protects the cell. |
cytoplasm | The material within the cell membrane. |
nucleus | Is a structure within the cell that has two important functions: 1)It controls the activities of the cell; and 2) It helps the cell divided. |
chromosomes | The nucleus of each cell contains 46, arranged into 23 pairs, of which 22 are identical, plus a single pair that determines the sex of the child. |
gametes | The only cells that do not have 46 chromosomes. Each has 23 single chromosomes. This cell determines the sex of the baby. |
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid | Chromosomes organized as two long coiled molecules. |
genes | The functional units of heredity. |
genetics | The study of how genes are transferred from the parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease. |
genetic disorder | Also known as hereditary disorders, are diseases or conditions caused by a defective gene. May be manifested at any time in life. |
congenital disorder | An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth and may be caused by a developmental disorder before birth, prenatal influences, premature birth, or injuries during birth. |
histology | The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues. |
pathology | The study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease. |
etiology | The study of the causes of diseases. |
epidemiologist | Specializes in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group. |
endemic | Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area. (common cold) |
epidemic | A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a population group or area. |
pandemic | Refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide. |
iatrogenic | Is a problem, such as a side effect or an unfavorable response, arising from a prescribed medical treatment. |
nosocomial | An infection acquired in a hospital setting that was not present on admission but appears 72 hours or more after hospitalization. |