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Pharm Quiz 4

Pharmacology Chapters 7-8

QuestionAnswer
this occurs when the combination of 2 antibiotics produces more effect than would be expected if their individual effects were added synergism
the practitioner causes the infection...this is called?? iatrogenic
which antibiotic has the highest incidence of GI complaints? erythromycin
which two antibiotics are not associated with teratogenicity and have been used in pregnancy? penicillin and erythromycin
probenecid ______ the blood levels and prolongs the action of penicillin increase
erythromycin can increase the serum levels of what drugs? theophylline, digoxin, triazolam, warfarin, carbamazepine and cyclosporine
what are the main points of tetracyclines? stored in saliva and milk of lactating mothers stored in the dentin and enamel of un-erupted teeth concentrated in the gingival creicular fluid
what causes abnormal taste clarithromycin
tetracycline enhance the effect of what... sulfonylureas, digoxin, lithium and theophylline
diary products containing Ca, antacids and mineral supplements should not be taken within 2 hours of ingesting... tetracycline
tetracyclines may decrease the effectiveness of and increase the effectiveness of oral contraceptives oral anticoagulants
morbilliform skin rashes is an adverse effect seen with the use of... clindamycin
what is important for metronidazole? no alcohol use, bactericidal and penetrates all bacterial walls, causes dygeusia, polyuria, dysuria and furry tongue, used to treat trichomoniasis, giardiasis
what is an adverse reaction of vancomycin? red man syndrome
what is the ability to retard or inhibit the growth of bacteria? bacteriostatic
what is acyclovir and what is it used to treat? antiviral used to treat herpes simplex
what are the antituberculosis agents? Rifampin, Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
what are the components of neosporin? Neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin
what are the antivirals used to treat AIDS? AZT and zodurvodine
ketoconazole can increase the blood levels of... cyclosporine
prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is not recommended for... bleeding from trauma to the lips taking dental radiographs shedding of deciduous teeth
what are cardiac conditions for which prophylaxis with dental procedure is recommended? prosthetic cardiac valve congenital heart disease cardiac transplantation recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy
what are the oral lesions of penicillins consist of? stomatitis and black furry tongue
what are the 6 reasons why there is antibiotic failure? poor debridement wrong antibiotic patient compliance inadequate host response concentration of medication does not reach infection superinfection
what is Fanconi's syndrome? renal damage associated with tetracyclines
what is one adverse reaction to cephalosporins nephrotoxicity
sulfonamides inhibit the synthesis of... folic acid
what is dygeusia? abnormal taste
what is a way to treat oral candidiasis? nystatin
what is antibacterial? a substance from any source that inhibits or kills bacteria
what is an antiviral agent? substance that destroys or suppress the growth or multiplication of virus
what is bacteristatic? the ability to inhibit or retard the growth or multiplication of bacteria
what is MIC or minimum inhibitory concentration? lowest concentration needed to inhibit visible growth of an organism on media after 18-24 hours of incubation
what is spectrum? range of activity of a drug
what is the most common fungus in the oral cavity? candida albicans
in the 1997 AHA bacterial endocarditis guidelines recommend prophylaxis for intraligamental local anesthesia injections
in the 1997 AHA bacterial endocarditis regimen uses which antibiotic as the "standard" regimen for dental procedures in adults amoxicillin
what are the adverse reactions to tetracyclines photosensitivity, dizziness, vertigo, glossitis and cheilitis
what is diflucan used to treat? oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis
what is Herpetic whitlow? purulent infection causing an abscess of the bulbous distal end of a finger
Bactroban can be used for treatment of... impetigo
oral coagulants are _______ so interfering with the production of _____ could increase the anticoagulant effect vitamin k inhibitors vitamin K
penicillin is a potent _______ agent bactericidal
what are the oral lesions implicated in penicillin allergy? black, furry tongue, glossitis, cheilosis, stomatitis
the use of clindamycin is linked with pseudomembranous colitis
clotrimazole, jetoconazole and fluconazole are all... antifungal agents
how long should nystatin be used for it to be effective? 10-14 days or for 48 hours after symptoms have subsided and cultures have returned negative
where is erythromycin broken down? in gastric fluid and therefore must be enteric coated
what are the adverse reactions of Kanamycin and Gentamicin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
an adverse reaction of the quinolines is a rupture of the.. achilles tendon
what antibiotics do not have a dental use? vancomycin
what is the adverse reaction of chloramphenicol aplastic anemia
Griseofulvin is an anti fungal agent used to treat scalpel ring worm
minocycline causes... black pigmentation of the mandibular and maxillary alveolar bone and hard palate
what two antibiotics cause cardiac arryhmias? cisapride and clarithromycin
what an alcohol and metronidazole cause nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting and headache
what can produce disulfiram like reactions cephalosporins
the minimal inhibitory concentration is the lowest concentration to inhibit visible growth of an organism on media after.... 18-24 hours of incubation
what has the highest incidence of GI complaints? erythromycin
large doses of penicillin G can cause which of the following symptoms renal damage with fever eosinophilia and increased BUN
tetracyclines can cross... the placenta and fetal circulation
photosensitvity is an adverse reaction of which of the antibiotics tetracycline
otottoxicity and nephrotoxicity have been associated with aminoglycosides
a black furry tongue can be seen with use of penicillins and metronidazole
a yellow brown discoloration of the tongue can be seen with tetracyclines
amphotericin B has been used to treat deep fungal infections
pseudomembranous colitits has been associated with the use of... clindamycin
what has been known to have a metallic taste clarithromycin
what are morbiliform skin rashes? measles like rash
which antibiotic has serious adverse effects of aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenia? cephalosporin
Acyclovir is a medication used to treat herpetic lesions
nystatin is a.... fungicidal and fungistatic
an infection is a... invasion of the body by pathogenic microbes as well as a reaction of the tissues to their presence
what is associated with enterocolitits and pseudomembranous colitis? cephalosporin
what is the spectrum the range of activity of a drug
what are the 3 effects on the teeth and bones by tetracycline? grayish color of teeth, brown tongue, concentrated in cervicular fluid
what is the structure of penicillin is reffered as... beta lactam ring
the toxicity of AZT is related to.... bone marrow depression
penicillins inhibit cell wall synthesis
what are the anti fungal agents? mycelex, ketoconazole, fluconazole
zovirax or acyclovir can be used for the treatment of.. herpes simplex
griseofulvin can be used to treat... tinea capitis
what can be used to treat AIDS Zidovudine
the best defense against a pathogen is the... his reponse
what is the blood serum level? the concentration of the antiinfective agent
what occurs when the combination of two agents produces less effect than either agent alone antagoinism
what is one systemic mycosis? hstoplasmosis
what is an adverse reaction to the tongue in the use of teracyline? brown discoloration of tongue
Created by: Chobchi
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