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Pharm Quiz 4
Pharmacology Chapters 7-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this occurs when the combination of 2 antibiotics produces more effect than would be expected if their individual effects were added | synergism |
| the practitioner causes the infection...this is called?? | iatrogenic |
| which antibiotic has the highest incidence of GI complaints? | erythromycin |
| which two antibiotics are not associated with teratogenicity and have been used in pregnancy? | penicillin and erythromycin |
| probenecid ______ the blood levels and prolongs the action of penicillin | increase |
| erythromycin can increase the serum levels of what drugs? | theophylline, digoxin, triazolam, warfarin, carbamazepine and cyclosporine |
| what are the main points of tetracyclines? | stored in saliva and milk of lactating mothers stored in the dentin and enamel of un-erupted teeth concentrated in the gingival creicular fluid |
| what causes abnormal taste | clarithromycin |
| tetracycline enhance the effect of what... | sulfonylureas, digoxin, lithium and theophylline |
| diary products containing Ca, antacids and mineral supplements should not be taken within 2 hours of ingesting... | tetracycline |
| tetracyclines may decrease the effectiveness of and increase the effectiveness of | oral contraceptives oral anticoagulants |
| morbilliform skin rashes is an adverse effect seen with the use of... | clindamycin |
| what is important for metronidazole? | no alcohol use, bactericidal and penetrates all bacterial walls, causes dygeusia, polyuria, dysuria and furry tongue, used to treat trichomoniasis, giardiasis |
| what is an adverse reaction of vancomycin? | red man syndrome |
| what is the ability to retard or inhibit the growth of bacteria? | bacteriostatic |
| what is acyclovir and what is it used to treat? | antiviral used to treat herpes simplex |
| what are the antituberculosis agents? | Rifampin, Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol |
| what are the components of neosporin? | Neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin |
| what are the antivirals used to treat AIDS? | AZT and zodurvodine |
| ketoconazole can increase the blood levels of... | cyclosporine |
| prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is not recommended for... | bleeding from trauma to the lips taking dental radiographs shedding of deciduous teeth |
| what are cardiac conditions for which prophylaxis with dental procedure is recommended? | prosthetic cardiac valve congenital heart disease cardiac transplantation recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy |
| what are the oral lesions of penicillins consist of? | stomatitis and black furry tongue |
| what are the 6 reasons why there is antibiotic failure? | poor debridement wrong antibiotic patient compliance inadequate host response concentration of medication does not reach infection superinfection |
| what is Fanconi's syndrome? | renal damage associated with tetracyclines |
| what is one adverse reaction to cephalosporins | nephrotoxicity |
| sulfonamides inhibit the synthesis of... | folic acid |
| what is dygeusia? | abnormal taste |
| what is a way to treat oral candidiasis? | nystatin |
| what is antibacterial? | a substance from any source that inhibits or kills bacteria |
| what is an antiviral agent? | substance that destroys or suppress the growth or multiplication of virus |
| what is bacteristatic? | the ability to inhibit or retard the growth or multiplication of bacteria |
| what is MIC or minimum inhibitory concentration? | lowest concentration needed to inhibit visible growth of an organism on media after 18-24 hours of incubation |
| what is spectrum? | range of activity of a drug |
| what is the most common fungus in the oral cavity? | candida albicans |
| in the 1997 AHA bacterial endocarditis guidelines recommend prophylaxis for | intraligamental local anesthesia injections |
| in the 1997 AHA bacterial endocarditis regimen uses which antibiotic as the "standard" regimen for dental procedures in adults | amoxicillin |
| what are the adverse reactions to tetracyclines | photosensitivity, dizziness, vertigo, glossitis and cheilitis |
| what is diflucan used to treat? | oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis |
| what is Herpetic whitlow? | purulent infection causing an abscess of the bulbous distal end of a finger |
| Bactroban can be used for treatment of... | impetigo |
| oral coagulants are _______ so interfering with the production of _____ could increase the anticoagulant effect | vitamin k inhibitors vitamin K |
| penicillin is a potent _______ agent | bactericidal |
| what are the oral lesions implicated in penicillin allergy? | black, furry tongue, glossitis, cheilosis, stomatitis |
| the use of clindamycin is linked with | pseudomembranous colitis |
| clotrimazole, jetoconazole and fluconazole are all... | antifungal agents |
| how long should nystatin be used for it to be effective? | 10-14 days or for 48 hours after symptoms have subsided and cultures have returned negative |
| where is erythromycin broken down? | in gastric fluid and therefore must be enteric coated |
| what are the adverse reactions of Kanamycin and Gentamicin | ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity |
| an adverse reaction of the quinolines is a rupture of the.. | achilles tendon |
| what antibiotics do not have a dental use? | vancomycin |
| what is the adverse reaction of chloramphenicol | aplastic anemia |
| Griseofulvin is an anti fungal agent used to treat | scalpel ring worm |
| minocycline causes... | black pigmentation of the mandibular and maxillary alveolar bone and hard palate |
| what two antibiotics cause cardiac arryhmias? | cisapride and clarithromycin |
| what an alcohol and metronidazole cause | nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting and headache |
| what can produce disulfiram like reactions | cephalosporins |
| the minimal inhibitory concentration is the lowest concentration to inhibit visible growth of an organism on media after.... | 18-24 hours of incubation |
| what has the highest incidence of GI complaints? | erythromycin |
| large doses of penicillin G can cause which of the following symptoms | renal damage with fever eosinophilia and increased BUN |
| tetracyclines can cross... | the placenta and fetal circulation |
| photosensitvity is an adverse reaction of which of the antibiotics | tetracycline |
| otottoxicity and nephrotoxicity have been associated with | aminoglycosides |
| a black furry tongue can be seen with use of | penicillins and metronidazole |
| a yellow brown discoloration of the tongue can be seen with | tetracyclines |
| amphotericin B has been used to treat | deep fungal infections |
| pseudomembranous colitits has been associated with the use of... | clindamycin |
| what has been known to have a metallic taste | clarithromycin |
| what are morbiliform skin rashes? | measles like rash |
| which antibiotic has serious adverse effects of aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenia? | cephalosporin |
| Acyclovir is a medication used to treat | herpetic lesions |
| nystatin is a.... | fungicidal and fungistatic |
| an infection is a... | invasion of the body by pathogenic microbes as well as a reaction of the tissues to their presence |
| what is associated with enterocolitits and pseudomembranous colitis? | cephalosporin |
| what is the spectrum | the range of activity of a drug |
| what are the 3 effects on the teeth and bones by tetracycline? | grayish color of teeth, brown tongue, concentrated in cervicular fluid |
| what is the structure of penicillin is reffered as... | beta lactam ring |
| the toxicity of AZT is related to.... | bone marrow depression |
| penicillins inhibit | cell wall synthesis |
| what are the anti fungal agents? | mycelex, ketoconazole, fluconazole |
| zovirax or acyclovir can be used for the treatment of.. | herpes simplex |
| griseofulvin can be used to treat... | tinea capitis |
| what can be used to treat AIDS | Zidovudine |
| the best defense against a pathogen is the... | his reponse |
| what is the blood serum level? | the concentration of the antiinfective agent |
| what occurs when the combination of two agents produces less effect than either agent alone | antagoinism |
| what is one systemic mycosis? | hstoplasmosis |
| what is an adverse reaction to the tongue in the use of teracyline? | brown discoloration of tongue |
Created by:
Chobchi
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