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psychology
4 & 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| conditioned stimulus | stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned a reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus |
| conditioned responed | learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus. |
| unconditioned response | an involuntary(reflex) response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus |
| unconditioned stimulus | a naturally occurring stimulus that lead to an involuntary reflex response |
| stimulus generalization | the tendency to respond to stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response |
| stimulus discrimination | the tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus |
| extinction | the disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the u |
| reinforcement | any event or stimulus that, when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again |
| primary reinforce | any reinforce that is naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need,such as hunger, thirst,or touch |
| secondary reinforce | any reinforce that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforce, such as praise, token, or gold star |
| positive reinforce | the reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable consequence,such as a reward or pat on |
| negative reinforce | the reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape form, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus |
| fixed interval | the kind of reinforcement schedule most people are more familiar |
| variable interval schedule | schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes po |
| fixed ratio | schedule of reinforcement in which the number |
| application | the punishment of a response by the addition or experience of an unpleasant stimulus |
| removal | the punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus |
| encoding | set mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's storage systems |
| storage | holding onto information for some period of time |
| retrieval | getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used |
| iconic | visual sensory memory, lasting only fraction of a second |
| echoic | the brief memory of something a person has just heard |
| duration | sperling also found that if he delayed the tone for a brief |
| working memory | an active system that processes the information |
| selective attention | the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input |
| chucking | there is a way to fool stm into holding more information than is usual |
| maintenance rehearsal | practice of saying information to be remembered over and over in one head in order to maintain it in short-term memory |
| long term memory | the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently |
| short term memory | the memory system in which information is held for brief period of time while being used |
| elaboration rehearsal | a method of transferring information from stm into ltm by making that information meaning full in some way |
| implicit | memory that is not easily brought into conscious awareness, such as procedural memory |
| explicit | memory that is consciously known, such as declarative memory |
| procedural | type of long term memory including memory for skill, procedures,habits,and conditioned responses. these memories are not conscious but are implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior |
| declarative | type of long term memory containing information that is conscious and known |
| semantic | type of declarative memory containing general knowledge such as knowledge of language and information learned in formal education |
| episodic | type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to other such as daily actives and events |
| anterograde amnesia | loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories |
| proactive interference | memory problem that occurs when older information prevents or interfere with the learning or retrieval of newer information |
| retroactive interference | memory retrieval problem that occurs when newer information prevent or interferes with the retrieval of older information. |
| retrograde amnesia | loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backward, or loss of memory for the past |
| constructive processing | referring to the retrial or memories in which those memories are altered,revised, or influenced by newer information |
| hindsight bias | the tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that one could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event |
| misinformation effect | the tendency of misleading information presented after an event to alter the memories of the event itself |
| hippo campus | curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the foundation of long-term memories and the storage of memory for loction |
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stcalhoun2163
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