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Exam Techniques
Compression
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 types of compression devices? | Tubigrip Long and short stretch wraps Pneumatic compression pumps |
| Which of the compression wraps do you have to meausure the circumference of the ankle before applied? | Pneumatic and profore (multiple layer dressings) |
| Compression is a type of ___, _____ force | External, mechanical |
| By increasing the amount of pressure on a body part, you are improving: | Fluid balance,Circulation,Scar tissue,Tissue healing (by reducing edema) |
| Compression prevents fluid from escaping ____ | Vasculature |
| Compression aids in the return of fluid back to ____ | Vasculature |
| Compression decreases risk of ____ for patients with venous insufficiency | ulceration |
| What is the primary clinical application of compression? | Control of peripheral edema |
| Peripheral edema can be caused by: | Vascular or lymphatic dysfunction,Local trauma and associated fluid accumulation |
| Arteries’ N pressure = | 32mmHg |
| Veins N pressure = | 15mmHg |
| ____ diffuse out of the capillary bed, while _____ go into the cap. bed | Proteins; waste products |
| When shaping a residual limb, do you use stump shapers (stump sock) for sub or acute ampuatation? | Sub acute |
| When shaping a residual limb, do you use ace wraps for sub or acute ampuatation? | Acute |
| 2 types of compression are: | Static and intermittent |
| Static= | Constant compressive forces |
| Intermittent: this gives a “____ effect” | Milking |
| May be the most beneficial type of compression | intermitten |
| Hydrostatic pressure: typically weaker or stronger inside bl vessel? | Stronger |
| Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out into ____ | Interstitial spaces |
| What are the determinants for hydrostatic pressure? | BP,Gravity effects,Vessel permeability,Size of veinistrations |
| Osmotic pressure: determined by ____ | Protein concentration in blood |
| How do you measure the protein concentration in a pt’s bl? | Albumin level |
| What level of albumin is too low? | 2 dL |
| osmotic pressure: Typically higher in or out of the bl vessel? | in |
| Os pressure: pulls fluid back into ____ | Capillary network |
| What 3 main things can alter Hydrostatic and Os. Pressure? | Diet,Mm contraction,Vascular dysfunction and circulatory conditions |
| mm contraction: if you have loss of function, then you lose _____ | Mm pump |
| Nml ankle pressure = | 90mmHg |
| ankle pressure with mm contraction = | 200mmHg |
| What is the primary factor for moving bl and lymphatic fluid? | Calf mm pump |
| Bl goes up, but since the valves in the veins are messed up, the bl falls right back down, this is known as what? | venous reflux? |
| When more and more bl collects in the veins, which increases the pressure of the veins = ?? | VHTN---distended veins |
| Increased pressure in communicating and superficial veins; from obstructed vessel or heredity | Varicose veins |
| Occurs when increased pressure causes RBCs to get out of tissue; skin gets really dark | Hemocidia |
| When you’re pregnant, you have an increase in ____ and ___ | Bl volume and hydrostatic pressure |
| Hardening of skin is called | Fibrosis |
| A protein rich environment leads to ____ | infection |
| Infection causes decreased ___ &___ | O2 and waste removal |
| If a pt is immobile, do you want to actively compress at all times? | Yes |
| What kind of wraps would you use for imobile pt? | Elastic or long stretch |
| If a pt is mobile, do you need a tight stretch on the LE all the time? | No |
| what kind of wrap do you use for mobile pt? | Inelastic, short stretch |
| P= NxTx4620 divided by CxW,this equation is the Law of ____ and determines | LaPlace\pressure, number of layers, tension of wrap, and width of pressure you should apply to a pt according to their limb’s circumference |
| Tubigrip applies ___ mmHg | 10-15 mmHg |
| TED hose applies ____mmHg | 18 mmHg |
| Multi-layer bandages apply ____ mmHg | 30-40mmHg |
| Should compression stockings be applied to someone is on their feet all day? | no |
| The pressure applied on a LE with a pneumatic pump:Calf= | 14 |
| The pressure applied on a LE with a pneumatic pump:Knee= | 8 |
| The pressure applied on a LE with a pneumatic pump:Lower thigh= | 10 |
| The pressure applied on a LE with a pneumatic pump:Upper thigh= | 8 |
| How much pressure should healthy everyday ppl that are on their feet all day wear? | 20-25mm Hg |
| What do you do before you apply compression? | Check for adequate bl flow to extremity |
| Tx time for intermitten compression usu: | 1-4 hrs,3 x wk,up to twice a day |
| Whats best to incorporate during intermitten compression tx? | Gravity(elevate legs)Prior:Inspect skin,During:Check BP,Post tx:Re-inspect skin, re-measure girth of extremity, check BP, apply other compression |
| How high should the compression pressure be for the pt? | 20 mmHg below diastolic |
| The pressure applied on a LE with a pneumatic pump:Feet= | 18 |
Created by:
txst fall 2008
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