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Mr. B - Geography
Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Environment | Everything that surrounds us, both natural and man-made (artificial) |
| Ecology | The relationship between living things and their unique environment. |
| Adaptation | Learning to live in one's unique environment |
| Geography | The study of the Earth and man's spatial relationships. |
| Culture | A people's whole way of life, including both natural (instinct) and learned behaviors. |
| climate | The average weather in a particular region over an extended period of time. (Decades, centuries or more) Ex: Pleistocene period. |
| Hemisphere | Half the globe; NOrthern, southern, eastern or western hemishpere. From the Greek "hemi" meaning half, and "spheres" meaning ball or globe. |
| Equator | imaginary line at the widest point around the middle of the Earth halfway between the North and South poles. 0 degrees latitude. |
| Parallels | lines of latitude |
| Prime Meridian | Imaginary line that marks 0 degrees longitude, running from the North pole through Greenwich, England, to the South pole. |
| globe | round model of the Earth |
| meridians | lines of longitude |
| Tropic of Cancer | imaginary line at 23.5 degrees north latitude |
| Tropic of Capricorn | imaginary line at 23.5 degrees south latitude |
| International Dateline | imaginary line at 180 degrees longitude that marks that separates 2 calendar days |
| Tropic Zone | zone between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn that get the same amount of sun year-round |
| Geographer | A trained professional who studies the Earth, its history, and man's spatial relationships |
| Location | Answers the question "Where is it?" by including either a very specific geographic address (Absolute) or a more general address(Relative) |
| Place | Identifies the distinctive physical and/or human characteristics that make a place different from any other place. |
| Movement | Traces the re-location of people, animals, plants, trade, resources, ideas, weather, tectonic plates, etc. Explains how and why movement occurs due to Push and Pull factors. |
| Human-Environmental Interaction (HEI) | Focuses on the relationship between people and their environment; how people adapt to, or change the environment. |
| Region | An area of Earth's surface that shares one or more characteristics (ex: climate, language, ethnicity, economic resources or trade) |
| Absolute Location | A very specific, detailed address for a point on Earth's surface, such as (41 Degrees N, 70 Degrees West) |
| Relative Location | Address is accurate, but vague, lacking elements of direction, distance, or proximity to another location. |
| Cultural Diffusion | The movement or spread of ideas (religion, government, style, music/arts) or behaviors from one cultural region to another. |
| Urban | related to cities and dense population centers; city |
| Rural | related to sparsely populated, usually agricultural areas; country |
| Suburban | related to settlement areas between urban and rural areas |
| Vector | straight line extending in one direction; also called a bearing or a heading |
| axis | imaginary line around which a planet turns |
| Cartographer | Professional map maker |
| Arctic Circle | Region above 66 Degrees North Latitude |
| Antarctic Circle | Region below 66 Degrees South latitude |
| middle latitudes | Regions between the tropic zone and the Arctic Circle in the North or the Antarctic Circle in the South |
| Push factors | Negative forces or conditions that drive people and animals to leave or migrate from a geographical area. |
| Pull factors | Positive forces that attract or benefit people or animals to migrate. |
| Compass Rose | Located on a map, it identifies which direction is North |
| Legend or Key | Color-coded box that identifies symbols on a map. |
| Scale | Measurement ratio on a map that helps determine distance. (ex: 1 inch = 1,000 miles) |
| assimilation | A culture being absorbed (possibly by conquest) into a more dominant culture; blending into a new culture. |
| Solstice | Either of the two times in the year, when the sun reaches its highest (summer) or lowest (winter) point in the sky at noon, marked by the longest and shortest days. |
| Equinox | From the Latin meaning "equal night". Twice yearly event (Spring and Fall) when the sun is directly over the Equator and both hemispheres get 12 hours of light and dark. |
| coordinates | The latitude(North-South) and longitude (East-West) address of an absolute location |
| proximity | Closeness or distance relative to another location, point, or landmark |
| bearing or heading or directon | another term for a compass direction (ex: North by Northeast, or steering a course baring 2-7-0 degrees.) |
| Cardinal Points or directions | North, South, East, West |
| Intermediate points or directions | NE, SE, NW, SW |
| time zones | 24 man-made sectors on Earth's surface to denote accurate time |
| Greenwich Mean Time | Denotes the time along the Prime Meridian of longitude |
Created by:
bottleguy
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