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Glaucoma
Glaucoma & Drugs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Glaucoma | Disease characterized by increased IOP and vision loss. |
As the nerve fibers are destroyed.. | the optic disk gets bigger |
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma | 90% of all glaucoma. Chronic, progressive vision impairment; no known symptoms. |
Angle-Closure Glaucoma | Painful, can lose vision in up to 48 hours, sudden increase in IOP. |
Open Angle Risk Factors | Age, African American, family history, increased ocular pressure. |
Open Angle Screening | Tonometer placed on the cornea. |
How often should you get checked for glaucoma? | If you're at risk: every 2 years until age 45. And Every year after that. If you're not at risk, every 4 years until age 45 and every 2 years after that. |
General drug types for POAG | Prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, Alpha2-Adrenergic agonists |
2 Beta blockers that help with POAG | timolol - timoptic & betaxolol - betoptic |
Goal of beta blockers | Decrease aqueous humor production. |
Local Adverse effects of Beta blockers: | stinging, photophobia, blurred vision, conjunctivitis. |
Systemic Adverse effects of Beta Blockers: | heart block, bradycardia, bronchospasm in the lungs. |
2 Prostaglandin Analogs | Xalatan - latanoprost & Lumigan - bimatoprost |
A benefit of prostaglandin analogs compared to beta blockers for POAG | Effect but not as many adverse effects (none with heart or lungs) |
Adverse effects of prostaglandin analogs | brown pigmentation of the iris, blurred vision, stinging, rare migranes |
1 Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonist | Alphagan - Brimonidine |
Alphagan - Brimonidine funtions: | Reduces aqueous humor production, may increase aqueous humor outflow as well. May delay optic nerve degeneration. |
Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonist adverse effects | dry mouth, stinging, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation. & Since can cross the BBB: drowsiness, fatigue, hypotension |