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Glaucoma

Glaucoma & Drugs

QuestionAnswer
Glaucoma Disease characterized by increased IOP and vision loss.
As the nerve fibers are destroyed.. the optic disk gets bigger
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma 90% of all glaucoma. Chronic, progressive vision impairment; no known symptoms.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma Painful, can lose vision in up to 48 hours, sudden increase in IOP.
Open Angle Risk Factors Age, African American, family history, increased ocular pressure.
Open Angle Screening Tonometer placed on the cornea.
How often should you get checked for glaucoma? If you're at risk: every 2 years until age 45. And Every year after that. If you're not at risk, every 4 years until age 45 and every 2 years after that.
General drug types for POAG Prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, Alpha2-Adrenergic agonists
2 Beta blockers that help with POAG timolol - timoptic & betaxolol - betoptic
Goal of beta blockers Decrease aqueous humor production.
Local Adverse effects of Beta blockers: stinging, photophobia, blurred vision, conjunctivitis.
Systemic Adverse effects of Beta Blockers: heart block, bradycardia, bronchospasm in the lungs.
2 Prostaglandin Analogs Xalatan - latanoprost & Lumigan - bimatoprost
A benefit of prostaglandin analogs compared to beta blockers for POAG Effect but not as many adverse effects (none with heart or lungs)
Adverse effects of prostaglandin analogs brown pigmentation of the iris, blurred vision, stinging, rare migranes
1 Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonist Alphagan - Brimonidine
Alphagan - Brimonidine funtions: Reduces aqueous humor production, may increase aqueous humor outflow as well. May delay optic nerve degeneration.
Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonist adverse effects dry mouth, stinging, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation. & Since can cross the BBB: drowsiness, fatigue, hypotension
Created by: buddihall
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