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Cartilage
Histology - Cartilage
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Which part of the body does cartilage belong to? | The skeletal system |
Is cartilage vascular or avascular? | Avascular |
What is the consistency of cartilage? | Firm in consistency |
What are the 3 structures of cartilage? | Matrix, Cells, Perichondrium |
In cartilage, what are the 2 parts of the matrix? | Ground substance, fibers |
What is the ground substance in cartilage made up of, chemically? | Glycoproteins and proteoglycans |
What is the main proteoglycan in ground substance of cartilage? | chondroitin sulfate |
What is the function of the main proteoglycan of the grounud substance of the cartilage? | Firm consistency of the cartilage matrix |
What are the fibers of cartilage made up of? | Collagen or elastic, depending on type of cartilage |
What are cartilage cells called? | chondrocytes |
What is the shape of chondrocytes? | flat to round cells |
Groups of chondrocytes are called... | cell nests |
Another name for cell nests is | Isogneous groupd |
What are isogneous groups surrounded by? | capsules of matrix |
What type of cartilage is the perichondrium? | A membrane investing cartilage |
What is the outer layer of the perichondrium called? | Fibrous layer |
What is the inner layer of the perichondrium called? | Inner cellular layer |
What is another name for inner cellular layer | Chondrogenic |
T/F The chondrogenic layer is poor in blood vessels. | FALSE. The chondrogenic layer is RICH in blood vessels |
What is the function of the perichondrium? | Nutrition, growth, and regeneration of cartilage |
What are the two mechanisms of growth of cartilage? | Appositional and Interstitial |
Describe appositional growth | Adding layers of cartilage on outer surface |
What is responsible for appositional growth? | Activity of chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium |
What does interstitial growth mean? | Growth from within |
How does interstitial growth occur? | Cellular divisions and secretion of cartilage matrix by chondrocytes |
3 types of cartilage. | Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage |
Is matrix present in abundance or not at all in hyaline cartilage? | Abundant |
Describe cells of hyaline cartilage. | Widely separated |
In hyaline cartilage, how many cells do the cell nests contain? | up to 8 cells. |
Describe the fibers in the matrix of hyaline cartilage. | No apparent/ no visible fibers. |
Which cartilage stains basophilic? | Hyaline cartilage |
Perichondrium is present except... | on articular cartilage |
Where is hyaline cartilage found? (3) | Costal cartilage, nasal, articular, and some laryngeal cartilages |
Describe the cells of elastic cartilage. | Cells are condensed with less matrix in between. |
How many cells do the nests of elastic cartilage contain? | Up to 4 cells |
What always covers the outer surface of elastic cartiage? | Perichondrium |
Where is elastic cartilage found? (3) | Cartilage of the ear, Eustachian tube, and some laryngeal cartilage |
Fibrocartilage has matrix rich in.... | Branching collagen bundles |
In fibrocartilage, where are chondrocytes located? | Between bundles |
How do chondrocytes, in fibrocartilage, appear? | Oval, mostly single. |
Are cell nests common or uncommon in fibrocartilage? | Not common. |
Cell nests in fibrocartilage are made up of how many cells? | 2 |
Since fibrocartilage is found in joints, what is special about the perichondrium? | There is none |
Locations of fibrocartilage... | IVD, cartilage of pubic symphysis, cartilages of the knee joint, cartilage disc of TMJ. |
What is an IVD made up of, generally? | Annulus fibrosus and Nucleus pulposus. |
What is the annulus fibrosus? | Outer concentric layers of fibrocartilage |
What is the nucleus pulposus? | A central mass of gelatinous amorphous material. |
In what direction fo the collagen fibers of the annulus fibrosus run? | Parallel to each other but in an oblique direction |
Where do the collagen fibers attach in the IVD? | To hyaline cartilage plate on vert bodies above and below the IVD |
Where do the outermost layers of the annulus atach? | Directly to the vertebral bone |
What is the nucleus pulposus made up of? | Chondrocytes, fine collagen fibers, rich in ground substance. |
How does ground substance react with water? | It binds water into the nucleus. |
What is replaced as age advances and more and more collagen develops? | The entire nucleus pulposus. |