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AP Psychology Unit 1
AP Psychology Unit 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processs |
| Structualism | Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind |
| Functionalism | Early perspective in psychology associated with William James,in which the focus of the study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play |
| Gesalt Psychology | Early perspective in psychology focusing in perception and sensations, particulary the perception of patterns and whole figures |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it |
| Behaviorism | The science of behavior focuses on observable behavior only |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | Modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a persons's behavior than sexual motivations |
| Cognitive Perspective | Modern perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning |
| Sociocultural Perception | Perspective in which abnormal behavior(like normal behavior) is seen as the product of the learning and shaping of behavior within the context of the family, the social group to which one belongs, and the culture within the family an social group exist |
| Biopsychological Perspective | Perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occuring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system |
| Psychiatrist | A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis of psychological diorders |
| Double-blind study | Study in which neither the experimenter nor the the subjects are in the experimental or control group |
| Evolutionary Perspective | Perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share |
| Clinical Psychology | Area of psychology in which the psychologists and treat people with psychological disorders that may range from mild to severe |
| Hypothesis | Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations |
| Correlation | A measure of the relationship between two variables |
| Correlation Coefficient (r) | represents two things: - Direction of the relationship - Strength of the relationship |
| Experiment | A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result; allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationship |
| Operational Definition | Definition of a variable of internet that allow it to be directly measured |
| Independent Direction | Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter |
| Depndent Variable | Variable an experiment thar represents the measureable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment |
| Experimental Group | Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable |
| Control Group | Suspects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and who may recieve a placebo treatment |
| Random Assignments | Process of assigning subjects to the experomental or control group randomly, so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group |
| Single-Blind Study | Study in which the subjects do not know if they are in experimentqal or the control group |
| Observer Effect | The tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed |
| Experimenter Effect | Tendency of the experimenter's expectations for a study to unitnentially influence the results of the study |
| Observe Bias | Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see |
| Placebo Effect | The phenomenon in which the expectations of the particpants in a study |
| Evolutionary Perspective | Percpective thst focuses on the biological |
| Biopsychological Perspective | Perspective in which abnormal behavior is seen as the result |
| Cognitive Perspective | Modern theory in which classical |
| Early Founders of Humanistic Perspective | Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers |
| Self-Actualization | Achieving one's full potential |
| Seven Modern Perspectives | Psychodynamic,Cognitive,Behavioral, Huamnistic,Biopsychological,Evolutionary,Sociocultural |
| Sensory or Perceptual | Most expierences Wilhem Wundt's subjects were exposed to |
| Wilhem Wundt | The Father of Modern Scientific Psychology |
| Wilhem Wundt | Opened his first lab to study human behavior in 1879 |
| Wilhem Wundt | He and his followers relied heavily on introspection as a technique to analyze experiments |
| Wilhem Wundt | His subjects were exposed to an experience and asked to relate their thoughts, feelings, and images evoked by the event |
| Methods of Research | Naturalistic Observation, Case Study, Labratory Observation, Survey, Interviews, Psychological Testing, Longitudinal Study, Cross-Sectional |
| Naturalistic Observation | Research method involving the study of subjects without their knowing that they are being watched |
| Case Study | Research that collects lengthy, detailed information on a person or family/ group's background |
| Labratory Observation | Observing natural behaviors in a labratory setting |
| Survey | Method of research using questions on feelings, opinions, or behavior patterns posed to a representative, random sample |
| Interviews | Studying people face to face and asking questions |
| Psychological Testing | Observation and measurement of thesubject using objective tools |
| Longitudinal Study | Studyng the same group of people over an extended period of time |
| Cross-Sectional | Research that looks at different age groups at the same period of time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span |
| Experimental Group | Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable |
| Operational Definition | Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be discussed |
| Extraneous Variable | Variables outside of the Independent Variable that can influence results |
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Chabelita
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