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Pharm-

Principles of Antimicrobials

QuestionAnswer
Characteristics of a Gram-positive Organism Cell wall- relatively simple structure Highly polar cell surface Favors penetration of positively charged compounds into the cell
Characteristics of a Gram-negative Organism Cell wall- complex, lipid bilayer with lipopolysaccharides on the outer surface, porins, more difficult to penetrate
Reasons for a drug to be active in vitro but not in vivo Drug not getting to bug Host inactivation of drug Overwhelming number of bugs Inadequate host health for effectiveness of static drug Plate test error
Reasons for a drug to be active in vivo but not in vitro Drug metabolized to active drug Concentration of drug in vivo Plate test error
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Smallest amount of drug needed to get inhibitory effect
Reasons for selection of combination therapy Seriously ill patients Polymicrobial infections Decrease emergence of resistant strains Decrease dose-related toxicity Obtain enhanced inhibition or killing
Combination therapy results: Indifference A + B = A or B alone
Combination therapy results: Antagonism A + B < A or B alone
Combination therapy results: Synergism A + B > A or B alone
Created by: Marywood
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