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Intro Vocabulary
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| structuralism | a notion to analyze (observable) consciousness broken down into it's basic element |
| functionalism | a belief that psychology investigate the purpose of cosciousness |
| behavior | an observable response or an activity |
| applied psychology | a branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems |
| behaviorism | scientific psychology should study only observable behavior |
| clinical psychology | a branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders |
| cognition | the mental processes involved in aquiring knowledge |
| critical thinking | use of cognitive skills and strategies that increases the probability of desirable outcome |
| culture | widely shared beliefs, customs, values, norms and institutions transmitted socially across generations |
| empiricism | knowledge should be acquired through observation |
| ethnocentrism | the tendency to view one’s own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways |
| evolutionary psychology | examines behavioral processes of a species over the course of generations |
| humanism | emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, specifically their freedom and potential for personal growth |
| introspection | a self-observation of one's conscious experience |
| natural selection | Charles Darwin's "survival of the fittest" concept of survival or reproductive advantage, more likely to be passed down and overtime become selected. |
| positive psychology | uses research and theory to understand positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence |
| psychiatry | a branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders |
| psychoanalytic theory | explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior |
| psychology | the science of studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes and applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems |
| SQ3R | a study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review |
| testwiseness | the ability to take a cognitive test to increase one's score |
| theory | a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations |
| unconscious | thoughts, memories, desires that are below consciousness (surface)and exert an influence on behavior |
| Mary Whiton Calkins | Studying under William James, she used a technique for studying memory. She became the first woman to serve as president of the APA. She never received her Ph.D. |
| Sigmund Frued | He wanted to treat mental disorders, he treated people with psychological problems with a procedure called psychoanalysis. He created the unconscious which influenced our behavior. He suggested that were are not masters of our own mind. (sexual urges) |
| G. Stanley Hall | After studying with the "father of psychology" he established the first laboratory in America. He was also the driving force to create the APA |
| Leta Stetter Hollingworth | She worked on adolescent development, gifted children and people with special needs. She first used the term gifted to describe kids who scored high on the intelligence tests. She wrote that woman were inferior to men. |
| William James | His work helped create functionalism. He became famous after writing "Principles of Psychology" (1890). He also has been impressed with Charles Darwin's natural selection. |
| Carl Rogers | Human behavior is controlled by an individuals "self concept" He believed animals lacked self concept. Humans have a basic need to continue to evolve to fulfill their potential. |
| Martin Seligman | In 1997 he was elected as the president of the American Psychological Association. The word "epiphany" came to him after is daughter said he was grumpy a lot. His out look on life was overly negative. Because of this created positive psychology. |
| B.F. Skinner | He was a behaviorist who believed in Watson's strict approach to observable behavior. He believed environmental factors molded behavior. He wrote Beyond Freedom and Dignity which he stated "free will is an illusion". |
| Margaret Floy Washburn | She was the first woman to earn her Ph.D. in psychology. She wrote The Animal Mind (1908)which served as the emergence of behaviorism. She was the 2nd woman to serve as the president of the APA. |
| John B. Watson | He founded behaviorism. He believed psychologist should forget about studying consciousness. Psychologist could study anything a person was doing. He argued a person is made and not born, behavior is governed on the environment. |
| Wilhelm Wundt | "The Father of Psychology" he made psychology an independent study. He established the first laboratory for psychology research. |
Created by:
kennedykeith
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