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Psychology Summer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Thomas Hobbes believe about his fellow human beings? | They were inherently dangerous. |
| What did Hobbes write? | the Leviathan |
| What did Hobbes believe about all mental activities? | They are motions of atoms in the nervous system and brain reacting to motions of atoms in the external world. |
| What did Hobbes think about thoughts? | Complex thoughts are derived from simple ones, and simple ones from sensations |
| What did Hobbes believe about associations? | All memories are recalled through linkages |
| What are the two types of associations? | Free association=unguided controlled association=regulated |
| Why does one associate two ideas with one another? | because two ideas are said together or are similar |
| What did Locke believe about natural rights? | You have the natural rights to life, liberty, and property. |
| What did Locke write? | Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
| What did Locke believe that made him famous? | tabula rusa or blank slate everything is derived from experience and nothing is innate |
| What are primary qualities? | inseparable qualities like solidity, extension, figure, motion, and number |
| What are secondary qualities? | sensations that the object's primary qualities cause in us like color, sound, taste, and smell |
| What is the major problems with Locke's ideas of perceptions? | You can't prove someone else's perceptions. |
| What did Kant write? | The Critique of Pure Reason |
| What did Kant think of Locke's ideas? | Pensive thought about our experiences helps us form our opinions. We also have innate thoughts. |
| What were 7 of the 12 categories of Kant's innate thoughts? current | unity, totality, reality, cause and effect, reciprocity, existence, and necessity |
| What did Mesmer first think could heal the mind and body of disorders? | realigning the body's magnetic force fields |
| What did Mesmer unintentionally discover? | Suggestion can cause people to mentally feel better like sugar pills or the placebo effect |
| What is Mesmerism? | affecting patients by touch, gestures, or long intense looks |
| Who practiced hypnology? | Elliotson, Ward, and Charcot |
| Who is the skull reader? | Gall |
| What did Gall believe? | physical features of the brain evoke personality traits |
| What is skull reading called? | physignomy |
| What are 5 of the 27 traits Gall claimed he could tell from "reading" the skull? Mr. ABC | mirthfulness, reverence, amativeness, benevolence, combativeness |
| What was wrong with Gall's study? | He only included the cases that fit his theory. |
| What did Flourens find that was spread throughout the cerebral cortex? | thinking and memory |
| What does Broca's Area of the brain govern? | syntax |
| What does Wernicke's Area of the brain govern? | semantics |
| What did Descartes believe? | "animal spirits" are coursing through hollow nerves |
| What did Hobbes believe about nerves? | atoms course through nerves |
| What are mechanists focused on? | the mechanics of the body |
| What did Johannes Muller worry about? | Is the soul separate from the body? |
| What did Muller believe about nerves? | There were different types of nerves. Optic nerves always transmitted sensations of light |
| What did Muller believe about the world around us? | Nerve impulses are transmitted to our brain and causes us to form perceptions of the world around us |
| What did Weber mainly discover? | just noticeable differences |
| What is did Weber create? | Weber's Law or the ratio of the jnd and the magnitude of the stimulus = constant, k |
| What did von Helmholtz prove? | Mental functions can be experimentally investigated. |
| What did von Helmholtz decide about vital force? | impossible |
| What did Helmholtz calculate? | the speed of a nerve impulse |
| What is the Young-Helmholtz theory? | the trichromatic theory that we see red, blue-violet, and green |
| What did Helmholtz believe about how we learn to interpret sensations? | by means of trial and error |
| How did Helmholtz say we visualized 3D? | We see two separate images that combine to be 3D |
| What did Fechner study that made him blind? | afterimages |
| What was Fechner's question about sensation? What did he find? | Is intensity of a substance directly proportional to the increase of said substance? Geometrical increases in strength of the substance produce arithmetical increases in strength of the sensation |
| What is Fechner's Law? | the integration of Weber's Law |
| What methods did Fechner use to measure psychological responses? | method of limits, constant stimuli, and average error |
| When is psychology's birthday? | December 1879 in Leipzig, Germany with Wilhelm Wundt |
| What did Wundt measure? | apperception or reaction time |
| What did Wundt study in his lab? | introspection |
Created by:
spschoolstudy
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