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Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| leukemia | malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the blood marrow |
| lymph | transparent, colorless, tissue fluid; contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in one-way direction to the heart |
| bone marrow transplant | infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor |
| mediastinum | space between the lungs. contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures |
| cor pulmonale | serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysemia |
| hematuria | blood in the urine |
| enuresis | involuntary urination |
| prepuce | fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (aka foreskin) |
| syphilis | std caused by Treponema pallidum. may be acquired in utero or direct contact w infected tissue. 3 stages, local infection becomes systemic w/widespread dissemination of the bacterium |
| oligospermia | condition of scanty sperm |
| testosterone | principal male sex hormone. chief function is to stimulate the development of the mail reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics |
| human papilloma virus | caused by a viral infection. more than 40 types that cause benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals (aka venereal warts) |
| spina bifida | congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close. protrusion of meninges or meninges and spinal cord called miningocele or meningomyelocele (aka rachischisis) |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | caused by excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy. various birth defects including central nervous system dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face |
| vesiculectomy | excision of the seminal vesicles |
| orchioplasty | surgical repair of a testis |
| circumcision | surgical removal of the prepuce |
| nephrolithotripsy | surgical crushing of stones in the kidney |
| eponym | term derived from the name of a person |
| fistula | abnormal passageway between two organs or between an organ and the body surface |
| fundus | rounded upper portion of the uterus or proximal domed portion of the stomach |
| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine |
| abscess | localization of pus |
| primigravada | first pregnancy (a woman in her first pregnancy) |
| meconium | first stool of the newborn |
| epigastric | region superior to the umbilical region |
| dysmenorrhea | painful mestrual flow |
| ceruminoma | tumor of a gland that secretes earwax |
| laybrynth | bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull. contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule (aka inner ear) |
| vertigo | sense that either one's own body (subjective vertigo) or the environment (objective vertigo) is revolving; may indicate inner ear disease |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear (aka tympanitis) |
| frontal plane | vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, divides into anterior and posterior halves |
| parasagittal plane | vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, divides the body into unequal left and right sides |
| recumbent | lying down in any position |
| intussusception | telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
| hemochromatosis | iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue. can cause heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, or cancer of the liver |
| aphagia | condition of without speaking (loss or the impairment of the ability to speak) |
| sialolith | stone in the salivary gland |
| reflux | abnormal backward flow (stomach contents flow back into the esophagus) |
| regional ileitis | Crohn disease-chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstructions |
| melena | black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually result of bleeding in upper GI tract |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyeball |
| gigantism | condition brought about by hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty |
| leukocytes | white blood cells that combat infection and respnd to inflammation (5 types of WBC) |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. all veins carry blood containing CO2 except pulmonary carries O2 from lungs to heart |
| arterioles | smallest arteries |
| hypoglycemia | lower blood sugar |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| metabolism | sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| prolactin-releasing hormone | (PRH) promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant |
| hyperthyroidism | state of excessive thyroid gland activity; signs and symptoms include weight loss, irritability, and heat intolerance |
| sebum | oil secreted by the sebaceous glands |
| carcinoma in situ | cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue |
| system | group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions |
| somatogenic | originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychogenic) |
| neoplasm | new growth (of abnormal tissue, benign or malignant) |
| vermiform appendix | small pouch, which has no known function in digestion, attached to the cecum (aka appendix) |
| peristalsis | involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
| sigmoid colon | fourth part of the colon, connects the descending colon to the rectum |
| villi | tiny, fingerlike projections that line the walls of the small intestine |
| gout | disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and that to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell; no true paralysis of the muscles |
| cerebral angiography | process of recording of the the blood vessels of the cerebrum |
| CT myelography | process of recording the spinal cord; size, shape, and position are demostrated |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of half (right or left side) of the body; stroke is most common cause |
| psychosis | abnormal condition of the mind |
| schizophrenia | any one of a large group of psychotic disorders; gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdrawal from social interaction, and the disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reactio |
| cerebrospinal fluid | clear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord. cushions the brain from shock, transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste |
| electroencephalography | process of recording the electrical activity of the brain |
| multiple sclerosis | chronic degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord |
| convulsion | sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles, may be present during a seizure |
| syncope | fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum |
| phobia | marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific situation or object |
| monoparesis | slight paralysis of one limb |
| autism | spectrum of mental disorders, features include preoccupation with subjective mental activity, inability to interact socially, impaired communication |
| dsyphagia | difficulty speaking |
| dorsal | pertaining to the back |
| anatomic position | standard, neutral frontal position; standing erect, arms at the side, palms of the hands facing forward, and feet placed side by side pointing anteriorly |
| distal | pertaining to away (from the point of attachment of a body part) |
| anterior | pertaining to the front |
| pulse oximetry | noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip |
| percussion | the act of tappin of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained. dull=fluid in a space or cavity |
| tuberculosis | infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| ventilator | mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition of dust in the lungs |
| bronchiectasis | dilation of the bronchi |
| ventilation | respiration, breathing |
| internal respiration | body cells take on oxygen from the blood and simultaneously give back CO2 |
| croup | condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx; barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. occurs mainly in children |
| pneumothorax | air in the chest cavity which causes collapse of the lung (often caused by open chest wound) |
| pertussis | highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a crowing inspiration(aka whooping cough) |
| dyspnea | difficult breathing |
| ureterostenosis | narrowing of the ureter |
| azotemia | urea in the blood; toxic condition resulting from disease of the kidney in which waste products are in the blood instead of excreted (aka uremia) |
| dysuria | difficult or painful urination |
| hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of water in the kidney |
| incontinence | inability to control the bladder and/or bowels |
| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| cystocele | protrusion of the bladder |
| renal failure | loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from teh body and maintain electrolyte balance |
| nephroblastoma | kidney tumor containing developing (germ) cells; malignant (aka Wilms tumor) |
| uremia | blood in the urine |
| polyuria | much urine |
| colpoperineorrhaphy | suturing of the vagina and perineum (to mend perineal vaginal tears) |
| hysterectomy | excision of the uterus |
| sentinel lymph node biopsy | injection of blue dye used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes (1st in chain & most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer). nodes are removed and examined |
| colpoplasty | surgical repair of the vagina |
| cesarean section | birth of a fetus through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus |
| amnioscopy | visual exam of amniotic fluid |
| amniocentesis | surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid |
| phacomalacia | softening of the lens |
| strabismus | condition in which the eyes look in different directions (aka cross eyed) |
| lens | lies directly behind the pupil; focus and bend light |
| blepharoptosis | surgical repair of the eyelid |
| diaphysis | shaft of the long bones |
| retina | innermost layer of the eye, contains the vision receptors |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| chalazion | obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid |
| emmetropia | normal refractive condition of the eye |
| carpal bones | wrist bones |
| intercostal | pertaining to between the ribs |
| tibia | lower leg bone |
| eversion | turning outward |
| intervertebral | pertaining to between the vertebrae |
| femur | upper leg bone |
| flexion | movement in which a limb is bent |
| ulna | lower arm bone |
| compound fracture | broken bone, protrudes through the skin |
| hypertrophy | excessive development |
| fbula | lower leg bone |
| kyphosis | abnormal condition of a hump |
| herniated disk | rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the tendon and the synovial membrane |
| spondylarthritis | inflammation of the vertebral joints |
| polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
| cranioschisis | fissure of the cranium |
| diplopia | double vision |
| fibroid tumor | benign tumor of the uterine muscle |
| hemoglobin | oxygen-carrying components, or a test used to determine the concentration of these components |
| gynatresia | closure of a part of the female genital tract |
| karyoplasm | substance of a nucleus |
| impetigo | superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staph or strep |
| jaundice | yellow skin (aka xanthoderma) |
| mastitis | inflammation of the breast |
| laminectomy | excision of the lamina |
| onychomycosis | abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart |
| sputum | mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth |
| radiculopathy | disease of the nerve roots |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| vasodilator | agent or nerve that expands the blood vessels |
| angi/o | vessel (blood vessel) |
| phleb/o | vein |
| -ectomy | excision or surgical removal |
| hydr/o | water |
| necr/o | death (cells, body) |
| medi/o | middle |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| disps/o | thirst |
| erythr/o | red |
| cyan/o | blue |
| lip/o | fat |
| cheil/o | lip |
| later/o | side |
| bi- | two |
| -stenosis | constriction or narrowing |
| pneum/o | lung, air |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| episi/o | vulva |
| cry/o | cold |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| mandibul/o | mandible (lower jawbone) |
| URI | Upper Respiratory Infection |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| TURP | Transurethral Resection of the prostate |
| EGD | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| PID | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
| LLQ | Left Lower Quadrant |
| RUQ | Right Upper Quadrant |
| IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
| T4 | Thyroxine |
| TD | Transdermal |
| RBC | Red Blood Count |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| PET | Positron Emission Tomography |
| AD | Alzheimer disease |
| PA | Physician's Assistant or posteroanterior |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| ARDS | Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| VBAC | Vaginal birth after cesarean section |
| fx | Fracture |
Created by:
nallain
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