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U1 Matter & Energy
Matter & Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solid State | The state of matter with a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles are closest together in a solid. |
| Liquid State | The state of matter with a definite volume, but no definite shape. Particles in a liquid slide past each other. |
| Gas State | The state of matter with no definite shape or volume. Particles in a gas are well separated with no regular arrangement, and vibrate and move freely at high speeds. |
| Atom | The smallest basic unit of matter. |
| Molecule | A group of atoms that are bonded together so that they act as a single unit. |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes. An element consists of only one type of atom. Simplest pure substance. |
| Compound | A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms bonded together. A pure substance. |
| Chemical Properties | Properties of matter that can only be observed by changing the chemical nature of the substance. |
| Physical Properties | Properties of matter that can be observed without changing the chemical nature of the substance. |
| Plasma State | The fourth state of matter; an ionized or positively charged gas |
| Conduction | The transfer of energy through the direct contact of atoms. |
| Convection | The transfer of energy through a fluid by density differences. |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy over a distance. |
| Mixture | A combination of two or more substances that do not combine chemically but remain the same individual substances. Mixtures can be separated by physical means. |
| Solute | The substance dissolved in a solution. |
| Solubility | The ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid. |
| Solvent | A substance that dissolves another to form a solution: (example: water is a solvent for sugar) |
| Melting Point | temperature at which a substance changes phases from solid to liquid (physical property) |
| Freezing Point | Temperature at which a substance changes states from liquid to solid (physical property) |
| Homogeneous | A mixture that is mixed evenly throughout. You cannot see the different parts. |
| Solution | A type of homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved in another (homogeneous mixture) |
| Alloy | A solid solution of metals. (homogeneous mixture) Ex- Steel is a mixture of iron and carbon |
| Density | The amount of matter packed into a certain amount of space. Water's is 1g/mL. D=m/V |
| Heterogeneous | A mixture unevenly mixed. You can see the different parts. |
| Physical Change | A change in the appearance or shape of matter. No new substances are formed. |
| Chemical Change | A change at the atomic level of matter that rearranges bonds between atoms.Two or more substances combine to form a new substance. |
| Intensive Property | Depends on material's characteristics; does not change with the amount of a material. ex: Density, color, smell, boiling point |
| Extensive Property | A characteristic of a material that will change with quantity. Depends on amount. ex: Mass, volume, shape, size |
Created by:
lcrowe
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