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Pharm Unit 3
Endocrine
| Class | Drug | Function | Adverse Effects | Nurses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha-Glucosidase | acarbose/Precose | -delays absorp. of CHO -dcr. bld glucose lvls - dcr. hyperglycemic episodes | -GI effects -contraind. w/IBS | -good for pts. w/post prandial bld glucose |
| Meglitinides | repaglinide/Prandin | -stimulates insulin secretion | -immed. before meal -good w/renal disfxn b/c excreted by liver | |
| Sulfonylureas | chloropropamide/Diabenese | -incr.secretion of insulin -decr. glucose production | -Not for elderly:protein binding -Not for non-compliant: take 30 min. before meals; hypoglycemia | |
| Neuroendocrine Hormone | symlin/Amylin | -acts via CNS to regulate post prandial bld glucose lvls -slows gastric emptying and incr. satiety | -SQ (abdomen) -don't mix w/other insulin | |
| Glitazones | rosiglitazone/Avandia | -incr. insulin receptor sensitivity | -liver disfxn -CHF | -follow liver studies |
| Anti-thyroid agents | PTU | -inhibits production of thyroid hormones | -agranulocytosis -soar throat -fever | -therapeutic effects can take days or weeks -not given life long can take a yr for nrml lvls |
| Anti-thyroid agents | Iodine | -inhibits release of thyroid hormones | -monitor iodine lvls in food | |
| Anti-thyroid agents | Radioactive Iodine | -destroys thyroid tissue | -urine, saliva, vomit is radioactive up to 24 hrs after admin | |
| Vitamin D analogues | -incr. bone resporption -incr. absorption of Ca from GI tract | -osteoporosis -kidney stones | ||
| calcitonin/Miacalcin | -dcr serum Ca lvls by inhibiting bone resorption | -allergic reactions to calcitonin | -monitor serum lvls -IM,SQ,nasal spray only -low Ca diet -incr. fluid to prevent stones | |
| Anterior Pituitary Hormone | Growth Hormone | -hormone deficit -growth failure | -hyperglycemia -hypothyroidism | -IM -skin sensitive test -check lvls |
| Posterior Pituitary Hormone | ADH | -diabetes insipidus:water reabsorption | -hypovolemia (hypertension, periph. edema, pulmon. crackles, angina, incr. specific gravity) | |
| Posterior Pituitary Hormone | oxytocin/Pitocin | -induce labor -control post partal hemmorage | -uterine rupture -fetal asphyxia | -IV on fusion pump |
| Adrogenic Steroids | testosterone | -hypogonadism -breast cancer | ||
| Anaboic Steroids | synthetic drugs | -incr. anabolic activity -decr. androgenic activity -tissue wasting | -liver (tumore & hep) -CNS (aggre.) -reproductive -metabolic -derm | |
| Estrogens | estrogen/Estace | -treat menopause -treat osteoporosis -treat prostate cancer | -endometrial cancer -breast cancer -bld clotting -hypertension -edema -weight gain | |
| Progestins | medroxyprogesterone/Provera | -treat gynecologic disorders | -bld clot formation | |
| Contraceptives | estrogens and progesterone combination | -inhibit ovulation | -cigarette smoking -thrombosis -migraines | |
| Cation-Exchange Resins | sodium polystyrene/ Kayexalate | -dcr. K+ lvls in pts. who are hypokalemic | -hypokalemia -hypernatremia | -PO -rectally |
| Ammonia Detoxifying Agents | lactulose/Cephulac | -dcr. serum ammonia lvls in pts. with hepatic encephalopathy -treats constipation | -not absorbed in GI tract | |
| Biguanides | metformin/Glcophage | -incr. glucose transport to cell -inhibits production of glucose (dcr. insulin resis.)(dcr. LDL & triglyc)(incr. HDL)(no hypoglycemia) | -GI effects (30%) -MALA (50% fatality) | -48 hrs MALA -MALA in renal and hepatic |
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aml2683
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