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Ch 14- Urinary
Bontrager ch 14 self test questions for Urinary and venipuncture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The kidneys are _____ structures. | Retroperitoneal |
| The ureters enter the _____ aspect of the bladder. | Posterolateral |
| The ureters lie at a _______ (anterior or posterior) surface of each psoas major muscle. | Anterior |
| The kidneys lie at a _____ angle in relation to the coronal plane. | 30 degrees |
| An abnormal amount of more than ___ inches or ___ cm when the patient is erect indicates nephroptosis. | 2 inches or 5 centimeters |
| The buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood creates a condition called ____ | Uremia |
| How much urine is normally produced by the kidneys in 24 hours? | 1.5 liters |
| The renal veins connect directly to the ____ | Inferior vena cava |
| The 8-18 conical masses within the renal medulla are called _________ | Renal pyramids |
| The major calyces of the kidney unite to form the _________ | Renal pelvis |
| The microscopic unit of the kidney is called the ______ | Nephron |
| True/false: About 50% of the glomerular filtrate processed by the nephron is reabsorbed into the kidney's venous system. | False- 99% is reabsorbed. |
| True/false: The loop of Henle and collecting tubules are located primarily in the medulla of the kidney. | True |
| The three constricted points along the length of the ureters where a kidney stone is most likely to lodge are: | Ureteropelvic juntion, near the brim of the pelvis, and ureterovesical junction. |
| The inner, posterior triangular aspect of the bladder that is attached to the floor of the pelvis is called the _____ | Trigone |
| True/false: The retrograde ureterogram demonstrates the ureters, the renal pelvis and the calyces. | False- primarily the ureter. |
| Under what circumstances should a pregnant patient have an ICU performed? | When the benefits outweigh the risks. |
| Two classes of iodinated contrast media used for urinary studies: | Ionic and non-ionic |
| What kind of iodinated contrast possesses low osmolality, produces a less severe contrast media reaction, doesn't contain a cation and creates a near isotonic solution? | Non-ionic |
| Iodinated contrast that dissociates into two separate ions after injection, uses a salt as its cation, carboxyl parent group, less expensive, and creates a hypertonic blood plasma. | Ionic |
| Normal range of creatinine in an adult is ____ | .6-1.5 mg/dL |
| How long must a patient be withheld from taking metformin after an iodinated contrast media procedure? | 48 hours |
| Hot flashes are classified as a _______ of iodinated contrast | Side effect |
| Out of the following veins, which is not typically suited for venipuncture for an IVU: basilic, cephalic, axillary, median cubital. | Axillary |
| What angle is the needle advanced into the vein during venipuncture? | 20-45 degrees |
| How long should the venipuncture site be cleaned with an alcohol wipe before needle insertion? | 30 seconds |
| What condition is considered high risk for an iodinated contrast media procedure? | Pheochromocytoma |
| What is the normal range for a patient's BUN? | 8-25 mg/100 mL |
| What is the best course of action for a patient experiencing a mild systemic contrast media reaction? | Observe and reassure patient |
| What is considered a vasovagal reaction? | Cardiac arrhythmias |
| A true allergic reaction to iodinated contrast agents is classified as a ____ reaction | Anaphylactic |
| Tachycardia is a symptom of a _______ type of reaction | Moderate systemic |
| Bradycardia is a symptom of a ______ type of systemic reaction. | Severe |
| What drug can be given to minimize risk of acute renal failure following a contrast media procedure? | Lasix |
| Metformin is a drug given to patients with ____ | Diabetes |
| What drug can be given as part of the premedication protocol before an iodinated contrast media procedure? | Prednisone |
| Excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake is the general definition of | Oliguria |
| Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine is termed _____ | Incontinence |
| The absence of a functioning kidney is called ___ | Renal agenesis |
| Complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys is termed _____ | Anuria |
| True/false: Adult forms of polycystic disease are inherent. | True |
| Hypernephroma is another term for | Renal cell carcinoma |
| Extravasation is classified as a _____ reaction. | Local |
| Laryngeal swelling is classified as a ____ reaction. | Severe level |
| True/false: Bladder carcinoma is three times more common in males than females. | True |
| What condition may produce hydronephrosis? | Renal obstruction |
| What disorder is an example of a congenital anomaly of the urinary system? | Ectopic kidney |
| True/false: The patient should void before an IVU to prevent dilution of the contrast media in the bladder. | True |
| What condition would contraindicate use of ureteric compression? | Ureteric calculi |
| What timing sequence during an IVU are the obliques typically taken? | 20 minutes after injection |
| What projection best demonstrates the renal parenchyma? When is this projection taken? | Nephrogram taken immediately after injection |
| What procedure may require a Brodney clamp? | Retrograde urethrogram on a male patient |
| Which specific body position places the right kidney parallel to the IR? | LPO |
| An AP projection taken during a retrograde cystogram reveals that the symphasis pubis is superimposed over the floor of the bladder. What can fix this problem? | Putting the tube on a caudal angle |
| Before the beginning of an IVU, the radiologist requests that a nephrogram be taken as part of the study When should this projection be taken? | 30-60 seconds following the bolus injection |
| A patient comes to the radiology dept. for an IVU after abdominal surgery. The IVU requires ureteric compression during the procedure. What else can be done to achieve similar results? | Put patient in Trendelenburg position for first part of procedure |
| A radiograph of a RPO taken during an IVU reveals that the left kidney is foreshortened and superimposed over the spine. What error led to this? | Over-rotation of the patient. |
| Passage of large volume of urine | Polyuria |
| Presence of glucose in urine | Glucosuria |
| Excess urea and creatinine in the blood | Uremia |
| Diminished amounts of urine being excreted | Oliguria |
| Presence of gas in the urine | Pneumouria |
| Indicated by presence of uremia, oliguira or anuria | Acute renal failure |
| Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine | Incontinence |
| Backward return flow of urine | Urinary reflux |
| Absence of a functioning kidney | Renal agenesis |
| Complete cessation of urinary secretion | Anuria |
| Act of voiding | Mictuition |
| Inability to void | Retention |
| Enlargement of prostate gland | Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| Fusion of lower poles of kidneys during the development of the fetus | Horseshoe kidney |
| Inflammation of the capillary loops of the glomeruli of the kidneys | Glomerulonephritis |
| Artificial opening between the urinary bladder and aspects of the large intestine | Vesicorectal fistula |
| A large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis | Staghorn calculi |
| Increased blood pressure to the kidneys due to atherosclerosis | Renal hypertension |
| Normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but remains in the pelvis | Ectopic kidney |
| Multiple cysts in one or both kidneys | Polycystic kidney disease |
| The _______ glands are located right above the kidneys | Suprarenal |
| What is the name of the mass of fat that surrounds each kidney? | Adipose capsule |
| An abnormal drop of the kidneys when the patient is placed erect | Nephroptosis |
| Three functions of the urinary system | Remove wastes, regulate water, regulate electrolytes |
| Longitudinal fissure found along the medial border of the kidney is called the ____ | Hilum |
| Structural unit of the kidney | Glomeruli |
| True/false: The effect arterioles carry the blood TO the glomeruli | False: efferent = away. Afferent = to the glomeruli |
| Older name for the glomerular capsule | Bowman's |
| What structure of the medulla is made up of a collection of tubules that drain into the miner calyx? | Collecting tube |
| Which two processes move urine through the ureters? | Gravity and peristalsis |
| Name the junction between the distal ureters and urinary bladder | Ureterovesical junction |
| Name the small gland just inferior to the bladder in males | Prostate gland |
| Total capacity for the average adult bladder | 350-500 mL |
| IV contrast can be administered by 2 methods. Name them | Bolus injection, drip infusion |
| Most IVUs are injected into what vein? | Antecubital fossa |
| Most common size of needle used for bolus injection for adults | 18-22 gauge |
| Expected outcome of a contrast injection | Side effect |
| Leakage of contrast from a vessel into surrounding tissue | Extravasation |
| What type of reaction is a true allergic response to iodinated contrast? | ModerateW |
| What type of reaction causes the blood pressure and heart rate to fall due to stimulation of the vagus nerve? | Severe |
| Temporary failure of the renal system is a _____ reaction | Severe |
| What should the tech do in case of extravasation? | Elevate extremity above heart |
| Subcutaneous swelling caused by allergic reaction is called _____ | Angioedema |
| Contraction of muscles in the walls of the bronchi and broncioles producing a restriction of air passing through them is a condition called what? | Bronchospasm |
| Loss of consciousness due to reduced cerebral blood flow is termed what? | Syncope |
| An eruption of wheals/hives caused by an allergic reaction is called what? | Urticaria |
Created by:
kbunin01
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