Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapte_06
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| skeletal system | the bodily system that consists of the bones and joints |
| bone | the substance that forms the skeleton of the body and provides structure and support |
| bone remodeling | the constant process of the buildup and breakdown of bones |
| osteoclast | a cell that breaks down bone tissue and releases calcium into the bloodstream |
| osteoblast | a cell that takes calcium from the blood to build bone tissue |
| bone density | the amount of bone tissue in a certain volume of bone (see also bone mineral density (BMD)) |
| articulation | the joints between bones which are necessary for fluid and efficient movement |
| joints | the area where two bones are attached for the purpose of motion of body parts |
| cartilage | a firm, rubbery connective tissue that is found in the joints, respiratory passages, and the ear |
| synovial membrane | a layer of connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid and lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae |
| synovial fluid | a lubricating fluid found in joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae |
| osteoporosis | a reduction in bone density that results in weakened bones and fractures |
| hip fracture | the break or rupture of a hip bone |
| bone mineral density (BMD) | a measure of bone density (see also bone density) |
| T-score | astatistical measure of bone mineral density that can be used to predict risk of fracture |
| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | a therapy using estrogen to treat menopausal symptoms and sometime osteoporosis |
| bisphosphonates | a class of drugs that prevents bone breakdown so that stronger bones are maintained |
| selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) | a class of drugs that work as estrogen receptors by mimicking the beneficial effects of estrogen on bone mineral density |
| parathyroid hormone | a hormone that regulates the calcium–phosphate balance and stimulates new bone growth |
| calcium | a mineral stored in bones |
| vitamin D | a vitamin that is important in calcium metabolism |
| osteopenia | a condition of reduced bone density and bone weakening |
| elemental calcium | dissociated calcium ions |
| arthritis | a common disorder caused by inflammation of the joint |
| osteoarthritis (OA) | a common type of arthritis that occurs when the cartilage that normally coats the ends of bones inside joints erodes, resulting in painful rubbing |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | a type of arthritis in which the immune system destroys the synovial membrane and produces inflammation within the joint itself |
| gouty arthritis | a type of arthritis in which excessive uric acid accumulates in the blood causing urate crystals to form in the synovial fluid and irritate joints |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | a class of drugs that block pain by inhibiting cyclooxygenase I (COX-1) and II (COX-2) |
| prostaglandins | a hormone-like substance that is produced in response to various stimuli; produces pain in most of the body but is protective in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract |
| cyclooxygenase I (COX-1) | an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins through out the body |
| cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) | an enzyme that promotes production of the prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation but not those that protect the GI lining |
| cyclooxygenase-II (COX-2) inhibitors | a class of drugs that block the COX-2 enzyme thereby reducing prostaglandin production in the perifery but not in the gastrointestial tract |
| disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) | a class of drugs used to improve functional status by slowing the disease progression of rhuematic disease |
| acute gout attack | brief and severe attacks of gouty arthritis |
| chronic gout prophylaxis | a long duration or frequent attacks of gouty arthritis |
| glucosamine | a remedy used by some to improve pain and stiffness from osteoarthritis |
| chondroitin | a remedy taken by some in combination with glucosamine for hip and knee osteoarthritis |
| bone homeostasis | a continual process that grows and repairs bone |
| joint function | joints allow movement |
| estrogen | a steroid compound that functions as the primary female sex hormone |
| appendicular bones | a type of bone found in the extremities |
| axial bones | a type of bone that includes the skull, spine, and thorax (ribs) |
| hinge movement | a joint that permits motion only in one plane, forward and backward |
| ball-and-socket movement | a joint that permits motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center |
| pivot movement | a joint where movement is limited to rotation |
| osteonecrosis | bone tissue death |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | a laboratory test used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and a variety of other conditions |
| rheumatoid factor (RF) | a laboratory test used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases/conditions |
| biological response modifiers | substances (or drugs) that stimulate the body's response to infection and disease |
Created by:
softcrylic
Popular Pharmacology sets