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Eukaryotes
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Biology 1543
Chapter 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eukaryotes | Are protists Eukaryotes or prokaryotes? |
| Asexually & sexually | How do protists reproduce? |
| Consume other organisms | How do animal-like protists get their food? |
| Photosynthesis | How do plant-like protists get their food? |
| Decomposer | How do fungus-like protists get their food? |
| Protista | What kingdom are protists place in? |
| Eukaraya | What domain are protists placed in? |
| Slime molds | What type of protist is more closely related to animals? |
| Algae | What type of protist is more closely related to plants? |
| What are protists? | A eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus? |
| What structure do zooflagellatas use for movement? | Flagella |
| What structure do amoeba or foraminifera use for movement? | Pseudopods |
| What structure do ciliates use for movement? | Cilia |
| What is the disease caused by the protist Plasmodium? | Malaria |
| How is the disease caused by Plasmodium passed to humans? | Mosquito bites |
| What protist is common in natural streams and other bodies of water near wild animal habitats? | Gardia |
| A common name that refers to all animal-like protisits. | Protoza |
| Means "fake foot" | Pseudopod |
| Single-celled, fresh & salt water, 1-2 flagella | Euglenoids |
| Single-celled, fresh & salt water, snow, 2 flagella | Dinoflagellates |
| Single-celled, freshwater & marine, silica shell is divided into two parts that overlap each other like a lid of a box. | Diatoms |
| Multicellular, water & land, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids | Green algae |
| Multicellular, marine environments, chlorophyll C | Brown algae |
| Multicellular, the ocean, chlorophylla, phycoerythrin | Red algae |
| How are fungus like protists different from fungi? | They can move during part of their lifetime |
| What re the two types of slime molds? | Plasmodial & cellular |
| What happens to a plasmodial slime mold when it is under environmental stress? | They stop growing and develop non-moving reproductive structures that produce spores. |
| What is unusual about the spores released by a slime mold? | They are often able to move on their own. |
| How is a pseudoplasmodium of a cellular slime mold different from a plasmodium of a plasmodial slime mold? | Because each cell is independent and they do not fuse |
| What was the cause of the Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1800s? | A water mold called phytophthorainfestans |
| Where are plasmodial slime molds found? | On the underside of logs & dead leaves |
| Where are cellular slime molds found? | In soil |
| Where are water molds found? | In fresh water |
| What body form do plasmodial slime molds have? | plasmodium, spore producing structure, spores that can move |
| What body form do cellular slime molds have? | Swarm together and form a slug-like body that moves like it's one organism |
| What body form do water molds have? | Branching strands of cells |
| What are the three informal groups that fungi can be divided into? | Single-celled yeasts, molds, and true fungi |
| What is one way that fungi are similar to insects? | Cell walls made of chitin |
| How do fungi get their food? | Absorbing it from the environment |
| How do plants get their food? | Photosynthesis |
| What structures make up fungi bodies? | hyphae, mycelium, fruiting body |
| What structures make up plant bodies? | roots, leaves, and stems |
| What are fungi cell walls made of? | Chitin |
| What are plant cell walls made of? | Polysaccharide cellulose |
| What does an associated alga provide to a lichen? | Carries out photosynthesis which makes sugars to feed both the alga and fungus. |
| What two roles do lichens play in an ecosystem? | Decomposer & producer |
| Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi. What does the fungi provide in the relationship? | Can absorb soil nutrients and water faster than the plants roots could alone. |
| How does the fungus benefit by being associated with plant roots as myccorrhizae? | It gets sugars and other nutrients from the plant. |
| What are two ways mycorrhizae are beneficial to a plant? | Boost plant growth without fertilizers and produce chemicals with antibiotic properties. |
| How does the decomposing activity of fungi help ecosystems? | They return nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and minerals back into the soil. |
| How are fungi will adapted as decomposers? | Because of the large surface area of their mycelia. |
| Fungi are the main decomposers of what two tough plant materials? | Lignin and cellulose |
| What negative effect to human industry may fungi decomposers have? | Can damage fruit trees and the inside of wooden houses and boats. |
| What are organisms that always cause disease called? | Obligate pathogens |
| How does overuse or incorrect use of antibiotices contribute to infection by fungi? | Antibiotics can destroy certain beneficial bacteria in the human digestive system. |
| What are two fairly mild infections to humans that are caused by fungi? | Candida and ringworm |
| What are three diseases of plants that are caused by fungi? | Dutcch Elm disease, peach scab, gray mold |
| What is usually the source of the chemicals used in antifungal medicines? | Fungi |
| What are the three ways that yeast can reproduce? | Asexually through simple fission or budding, or sexually through meiosis |
| Why are single-celled yeasts clssified as sac fungi? | Instead of the eytoplasm dividing, it produces a saclike structure called an ascus. |
| Where can the reproductive structures of a club fungi, called basidia, be found on a mushroom? | Underside |
| Spore-forming structures of fungi | Sporangia |
| Above ground reproductive structure of a fungus. | Fruiting body |
| What is Chitin? | A tough polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of fungi. |
| A symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi. | Mycorrhizae |
| Long strands that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi. | Hyphae |
| A tangled mass of hyphae. | Mycelium |
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Razorbacks