Chapter 19
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| Eukaryotes | Are protists Eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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| Asexually & sexually | How do protists reproduce?
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| Consume other organisms | How do animal-like protists get their food?
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| Photosynthesis | How do plant-like protists get their food?
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| Decomposer | How do fungus-like protists get their food?
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| Protista | What kingdom are protists place in?
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| Eukaraya | What domain are protists placed in?
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| Slime molds | What type of protist is more closely related to animals?
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| Algae | What type of protist is more closely related to plants?
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| What are protists? | A eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus?
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| What structure do zooflagellatas use for movement? | Flagella
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| What structure do amoeba or foraminifera use for movement? | Pseudopods
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| What structure do ciliates use for movement? | Cilia
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| What is the disease caused by the protist Plasmodium? | Malaria
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| How is the disease caused by Plasmodium passed to humans? | Mosquito bites
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| What protist is common in natural streams and other bodies of water near wild animal habitats? | Gardia
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| A common name that refers to all animal-like protisits. | Protoza
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| Means "fake foot" | Pseudopod
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| Single-celled, fresh & salt water, 1-2 flagella | Euglenoids
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| Single-celled, fresh & salt water, snow, 2 flagella | Dinoflagellates
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| Single-celled, freshwater & marine, silica shell is divided into two parts that overlap each other like a lid of a box. | Diatoms
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| Multicellular, water & land, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids | Green algae
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| Multicellular, marine environments, chlorophyll C | Brown algae
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| Multicellular, the ocean, chlorophylla, phycoerythrin | Red algae
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| How are fungus like protists different from fungi? | They can move during part of their lifetime
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| What re the two types of slime molds? | Plasmodial & cellular
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| What happens to a plasmodial slime mold when it is under environmental stress? | They stop growing and develop non-moving reproductive structures that produce spores.
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| What is unusual about the spores released by a slime mold? | They are often able to move on their own.
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| How is a pseudoplasmodium of a cellular slime mold different from a plasmodium of a plasmodial slime mold? | Because each cell is independent and they do not fuse
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| What was the cause of the Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1800s? | A water mold called phytophthorainfestans
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| Where are plasmodial slime molds found? | On the underside of logs & dead leaves
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| Where are cellular slime molds found? | In soil
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| Where are water molds found? | In fresh water
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| What body form do plasmodial slime molds have? | plasmodium, spore producing structure, spores that can move
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| What body form do cellular slime molds have? | Swarm together and form a slug-like body that moves like it's one organism
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| What body form do water molds have? | Branching strands of cells
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| What are the three informal groups that fungi can be divided into? | Single-celled yeasts, molds, and true fungi
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| What is one way that fungi are similar to insects? | Cell walls made of chitin
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| How do fungi get their food? | Absorbing it from the environment
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| How do plants get their food? | Photosynthesis
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| What structures make up fungi bodies? | hyphae, mycelium, fruiting body
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| What structures make up plant bodies? | roots, leaves, and stems
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| What are fungi cell walls made of? | Chitin
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| What are plant cell walls made of? | Polysaccharide cellulose
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| What does an associated alga provide to a lichen? | Carries out photosynthesis which makes sugars to feed both the alga and fungus.
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| What two roles do lichens play in an ecosystem? | Decomposer & producer
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| Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi. What does the fungi provide in the relationship? | Can absorb soil nutrients and water faster than the plants roots could alone.
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| How does the fungus benefit by being associated with plant roots as myccorrhizae? | It gets sugars and other nutrients from the plant.
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| What are two ways mycorrhizae are beneficial to a plant? | Boost plant growth without fertilizers and produce chemicals with antibiotic properties.
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| How does the decomposing activity of fungi help ecosystems? | They return nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and minerals back into the soil.
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| How are fungi will adapted as decomposers? | Because of the large surface area of their mycelia.
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| Fungi are the main decomposers of what two tough plant materials? | Lignin and cellulose
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| What negative effect to human industry may fungi decomposers have? | Can damage fruit trees and the inside of wooden houses and boats.
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| What are organisms that always cause disease called? | Obligate pathogens
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| How does overuse or incorrect use of antibiotices contribute to infection by fungi? | Antibiotics can destroy certain beneficial bacteria in the human digestive system.
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| What are two fairly mild infections to humans that are caused by fungi? | Candida and ringworm
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| What are three diseases of plants that are caused by fungi? | Dutcch Elm disease, peach scab, gray mold
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| What is usually the source of the chemicals used in antifungal medicines? | Fungi
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| What are the three ways that yeast can reproduce? | Asexually through simple fission or budding, or sexually through meiosis
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| Why are single-celled yeasts clssified as sac fungi? | Instead of the eytoplasm dividing, it produces a saclike structure called an ascus.
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| Where can the reproductive structures of a club fungi, called basidia, be found on a mushroom? | Underside
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| Spore-forming structures of fungi | Sporangia
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| Above ground reproductive structure of a fungus. | Fruiting body
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| What is Chitin? | A tough polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of fungi.
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| A symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi. | Mycorrhizae
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| Long strands that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi. | Hyphae
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| A tangled mass of hyphae. | Mycelium
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