Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Neuro
NPTE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 elements of Glasgow Coma Scale | eye opening, motor response, verbal response |
| Scoring of GCS | 3-8 severe, 9-12 moderate, 13-15 minor |
| State defined by no eye opening even to pain, failure to obey commands, inability to speak | Coma |
| Return of sleep/wake cycles, normalization of basic functions, lack of cognitive responsiveness | Vegetative state |
| Central language DO with speech is awkward, restricted, interrupted, produced with effort | Expressive aphasia (Broca’s, nonfluent, motor) |
| Expressive aphasia result of | L hemisphere – Broca’s area |
| Impairment of speech production | Dysarthria |
| Central language DO where spontaneous speech preserved/smooth while auditory comprehension impaired | Receptive or Wernicke’s aphasa |
| Receptive aphasia is result of damage to | Posterior frist temporal gyrus of L hemisphere (Wernicke’s area) |
| Severe aphasia with impairments in comprehension & production of language | Global aphasia |
| Periods of apnea followed by gradually increasing depth/frequency of respirations | Cheyne Stokes respiration |
| Cheyne Stokes caused by | depression of frontal lobe and diencephalic dysfunction increased ICP |
| Increased rate and depth of respirations | Hyperventilation |
| Abnormal respiration with prolonged inspiration | Apneustic breathing |
| Signs of meningeal irritation | Kernig’s sign, Brudinski’s sign, guarding in neck flexion, photophobia, disorientation, restlessness, persistent HA that increases with head down, altered vitals, weakness |
| Kernig’s sign | meningeal irritation. Supine with flexed hip/knee to chest then extend knee. |
| Brudzinski’s sign | meningeal irritation. Supine, flex neck. Causes flexion of hips/knees |
| Increased ICP leads to | restless, confused, decr LOC, incr BP, widening pulse P & slowed pulse, Cheyne-Stokes, elevated temp, HA, vomiting, unequal pupils, slowed PLRs, dilated pupils*, papilledema, weakness, hemiplegia, Babinski, decorticate or decerebrate rigidity, seizures |
| Kinesthesia | movement sense |
| Pallesthesia | vibration sense with tuning fork |
| Combined cortical sensation testing | Discriminative sensory tests including Sterognosis, Tactile Localization, Two Point Discrimination, Bilateral Simultaneous Discrimination, Barognosis, Graphesthesia |
| Stereognosis | ID familiar objects by touch |
| Two point discrimination | ability to recognize one or two blunt points applied to skin simultaneously |
| Barognosis | ability to differentiate weights |
| Graphesthesia | ability to ID numbers, letters or symbols traced on skin |
| Homonymous hemianopsia | loss of half of visual field in each eye contralateral to side of cerebral hemisphere lesion |
| Somatognosia | body scheme disorder – unable to ID body parts or relations to each other |
| Unilateral neglect | patient ignores one side of body and stimuli from that side |
| Anosognosia | severe neglect or denial of severity of condition |
| Form constancy | pick out object from array of similar shapes but different sizes |
| Spatial relations | pt duplicates a pattern of 2-3 blocks |
| Topographical disorientation | navigation of a familiar route |
| Vertical disorientation | inability to accurately determine what is upright |
| Agnosia | inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality |
| Apraxia | inability to perform voluntary learned movements in the absence of loss of sensation , strength, coordination, attention, or comprehension. Breakdown in conceptual or motor production system or both |
| Ideomotor apraxia | cannot perform task on command, but can do independently |
| Ideational apraxia | cannot perform the task at all, either on command or independently |
| Clasp-knife response | marked resistance to PROM suddenly gives way |
| Clonus | maintained stretch stimulus produces cyclical spasmodic contraction, usu plantar flexors or wrist flexors |
| Babinski | DF of great toe with fanning of other toes with stroke to lateral bottom of foot |
| Babinski indicates | corticospinal (pyramidal) tract disruption |
| Hyperreflexia | increased DTRs |
| Lead pipe Rigidity | uniform throughout range |
| Cogwheel rigidity | interrupted by series of jerks |
| Decerebrate posturing | increased tone in extension, seen in brainstem lesions between superior colliculus and vestibular nucleus |
| Decorticate posturing | UEs in flexion, LEs in extension, seen in brainstem lesions above superior colliculus |
| Opisthotonos | arching back of head back and heels with UEs rigidly flexed. Seen in severe meningitis, tetanus, epilepsy, strychnine poisoning |
| Plantar reflex | Normal is PF of toes in response to stroking lateral sole of foot from calcaneus to 5th met, S1-2, tibial nerve |
| Abdominal reflex | T6-L1, lateral to medial scratching of skin to umbilicus in each of 4 quadrants should cause deviation of umbilicus to stimulus |
| Cremasteric reflex | L1-L2, stroking of skin on inner thigh elevates testicle, lost in SCI and Corticospinal lesions |
| Extrapyramidal disorders (basal ganglia dysfunction) | Tics, Chorea, athetosis, tremors, myoclonus |
| Tics | spasmodic contractions of specific muscles |
| Chorea | relatively quick twitches or dancing movments |
| Athetosis | slow, irregular, twisting movements, esp in UEs |
| Tremor | continuous quivering mvmt, rhythmic, oscillatory observed at rest |
| Myoclonus | single, quick jerk |
| Cerebellar disorders cause | intention tremors |
| Cortical disorders cause | seizures, tonic/clonic convulsive mvmts |
| Dyssynergia | impaired ability to associate muscles together for complex mvmt |
| Dysmetria | impaired ability to judge distance or range of movement |
| Dysdiadochokinesia | impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements |
| Where is Broca's area located? | inferior portion of frontal lobe |
| Where is Wernicke's area located? | posterior superior temporal gyrus |
| What impairments are seen with frontal lobe lesions? | CL weakness (primary motor cortex), preservation, inattention, personality changes and emotional liability Brocas Area - expressive aphasia |
| What impairments are seen with parietal lobe lesions? | CL sensory loss, decreased touch, vibration, temperature (primary sensory cortex) agraphia, alexia, apraxia and agnosias impaired taste |
| What impairments are seen with temporal lobe lesions? | Wernicke's aphasia, aggression, decreased memory, learning and facial recognition |
| What impairments are seen with occipital lobe lesions? | homongmous homonopsia, visual deficits, cortical blindness if both lobes |
| What is the function of the frontal lobe | primary motor cortex, Brocas, orientation, personality and self-awareness |
| what is the function of the parietal lobe | Primary sensory cortex, meaning of objects, touch, vibration, kinesthesia, temp. Spatial and visual perseption |
| Spatial and visual perseption function is located in what lobe | parietal |
| Which part of the brain is responsible for determining the meaning of objects | parietal |
| what is the function of the temporal lobe | primary auditory cortex, wernickes area - receptive language. Memory and learning |
| What are neoglisms? | word substitutions that are unrecognizable. ex: with Wernicke's |
| Asterognosis | cannot recognize an object by touch |
| constructional apraxia | cannot visualize how to perform a task |
| 2 examples of Anterior horn cell pathologies | ALS and polio |
| Myasthenia gravis is what type of degeneration | degeneration of the neuromuscular junction |
| anterior cord syndrome | hyper V, loss of motor (corticospinal) and pain & temp (spinothalamic) |
| posterior cord syndrome | hyper / motor preserved, loss of pain, proprio, 2point discrimination and steroginosis |
| central cord sndrome | hyper / Motor worse than sensory, UE worse than LE DCML, spinothalamic and corticospinal |
Created by:
leaderjenna
Popular Physical Therapy sets