Question 1

Under IDEA 2004, Part C, what services may be available for a child turning three who has been in the Early Steps Program for the last year?
(a)VPK
(b)Individual Education Services
(c)Hospital Homebound services
(d)Vocational services

Accepted Answer

(a)VPK Education Program. For children who turn 4 by Sept.1st (free). 2 programs available, one starts in Aug. & runs for 540 instructional hrs & the other starts in May & runs for 300 hrs.

Question 2

Regarding scaffolding, which would be most descriptive of SWD?
(a)Begin w/what the students can do
(b)Help students achieve success quickly
(c)H. students "to be" like everyone else
(d)H. students be independent when they have command of the activity

Accepted Answer

(c)Help students "to be" like everyone else
All are good, but from viewpoint of student, he has a need to be similar to & accepted by his peers.

Question 3

Students w/disabilities will have detailed planning of their education & related services in a document known as an IEP. Monitoring of these special services must take place
(a)at annual review
(b)at a 3yr re-eval
(c)quarterly
(d)no review is necesary

Accepted Answer

(a)at an annual review
At least once a year, annual goals must be reviewed & the IEP revised or updated. 3yr is to reassess to determine if needs have changed. Quarterly are a formal communication of student learning progress.

Question 4

Assessments that give us some idea of what students need to know to achieve grade-level performance are referred to as:
(a)diagnostic assessments
(b)curriculum-based measurement
(c)progress monitoring
(d)norm-based assessments

Accepted Answer

(d)norm-based assessments. - Diagnostic assess. provide specific info about how a student is performing & what he needs to know.  CBM & progress monitoring measure student progress & highlights the close association between curriculum & student perform..

Question 5

Parents being fully notified in their native lang. of all educational activities to be conducted during a nondiscriminatory eval. of their child is called:
(a)procedural safeguard
(b)parental consent
(c)informed consent
(d)eligibility determination

Accepted Answer

(c)informed consent. - Procedural safeguards are given to parents during an IEP meeting. Parental consent is indicated by having a parent give permission for testing. Eligibility determination is based on testing results & classroom performance.

Question 6

Elisabeth's teacher gives a spelling test the end of each week to determine student mastery of the words. This type of assess. is
(a)criterion-related assess.
(b)criterion-referenced assess.
(c)curriculum-based assess.
(d)curriculum-based measurement

Accepted Answer

(c)curriculum-based assessments (ex.chapter tests), are used to determine how a student is performing in or mastering the actual curriculum.  The other 3 tests & measurements are either not specific to the curriculum or are measurements, not assessments.

Question 7

When focusing on comprehension, if students pay close attention to whether or not the text is making sense to them, they are using the comprehension strategy known as:
(a)question generating
(b)clarifying
(c)scaffolding
(d)modeling

Accepted Answer

(b)clarifying...when students look for words & concepts they do not understand. - Question generating refers to students generating quest. about text content. Scaffolding helps students bridge the gap between their current abilities & the intended goal.

Question 8

What approach to instruction extends the concept of lang. experience throughout the grades by immersing students in reading, write, talk, listen, & viewing activities?
(a)language-experience app.
(b)integrated lang. arts app.
(c)literature-based app

Accepted Answer

(b)Integrated language arts approach.- A lang. experience approach uses lang. to communicate thoughts, ideas, & meaning. Lit-based approach focuses on meaning, interest, & enjoyment as well as individual student differences in reading ability.

Question 9

Basal Reading Approach uses...

Accepted Answer

the reading lesson or story with a small group of students during a specified time and location.

Question 10

Which is NOT a feature of effective reading instruction?
(a)using appropriate & ongoing screening, assess., & progress monitor
(b)providing intensive instruction
(c)collab. w/the read. specialist/Sped teacher
(d)obtaining early intervention when need.

Accepted Answer

(c)Collaborating w/reading specialist/Sped teacher.  While collaborating is important, the other 3 options are directly connected to effective reading instruction.

Question 11

Strategic competence (aspect of math proficiency.)
(a)understanding math concepts & oper.
(b)able to accurately & efficiently conduct oper. & math practices
(c)ability to formulate & conduct math problems
(d)think about, explain, & justify math work

Accepted Answer

(c)ability to formulate & conduct math problems. The other answers are aspects too- (a)is Conceptual Understanding, (b)is Procedural Fluency, & (d)is Adaptive Reasoning.

Question 12

When a target behavior transfers across settings, persons, and materials, which stage of learning has been completed?
(a)maintenance
(b)entry
(c)acquisition
(d)generalization

Accepted Answer

(d)generalization.  Maintenance, acquisition, and entry are incorrect as the behavior is not the initial stage- acquisition already occurred and is being maintained.

Question 13

A benefit of consultation & collaboration includes:
(a)increased time for lesson planning
(b)a streamlined approach to teaching
(c)reduced caseload management for Sped teachers
(d)reduced mislabeling of kids as disabled

Accepted Answer

(d)reduced mislabeling of kids as disabled. If there is communication w/personnel in the building, there is less likelihood that students will be mislabeled.  The other 3 options are not goals or reasons for collaboration or consultation.

Question 14

Gen-Ed teacher is reluctant to make modifications & accommodations for her Sped kids because she says they won't have this support  when they finish school- what does this illustrate?
(d) new roles for special education teachers.

Accepted Answer

The Sped teacher must inform the GenEd teacher of how she will be included into the GenEd classroom & be a collaborative source. Other options were: (a)individual vs class focus, (b)content vs acomm., (c)real world vs the student's world.

Question 15

Students who have auditory discrimination difficulties may benefit from:
(a)electronic books
(b)direct instruction
(c)the whole-language approach
(d)speech to text programs

Accepted Answer

(a)electronic books reflect text that is read to the student. The other options do not offer individualized instruction for students who require auditory discrimination.

Question 16

When a teacher keeps written notes of a student's actions or words, gathered while they happen or shortly after, the teacher is completing a(n)
(a)permanent product recording
(b)duration recording
(c)anecdotal recording
(d)event recording

Accepted Answer

(c)anecdotal record. (a)Perm. Product Rec. involves keeping samples of work as a means of measuring behavior. (b) Duration Rec. is the length of time the behavior occurs. (d)Event Rec. refers to how many times a behavior occurs in a given period of time.

Question 17

Teaching which of the following skills requires a more active role from the students and a more collaborative role from the teacher?
(a)self-monitoring
(b)self-management
(c)self-control
(d)conflict resolution

Accepted Answer

(b)self-man. enables studnts to govern reinforcers for their behaviors. Self-mon. hlps studnts become more aware of their own behav. Self-con. & Confl. Res.-skills taught to studnts frstrated or who become volatile when conflicts arise between/among peers

Question 18

A continuum of policies & procedures implemented throughout the school for all the students is called:
(a)RTI
(b)positive behavior support
(c)culturally responsive teaching
(d)positive reinforcement

Accepted Answer

(b)Pos.Behav.Reinforcement is a prob-solving model involving all stakeholders. RTI is a model for screening students & using their RTI as data to identify students who need Sped services. Positive Reinforcement maintains or increases the target behavior.

Question 19

A peer is taught to observe & record a peer's behavior & provide the peer w/feedback. This describes:
(a)peer tutoring
(b)peer support & confrontation
(c)positive peer reporting
(d)peer monitoring

Accepted Answer

(d)Peer Monitoring. In Peer Supp. & Conf. peers are trained to acknowledge one another's pos.behav. & when inappro.behav.occurs, peers are trained to explain why the behav.is inapp. & suggest or model an appro.response.

Question 20

(a)When students serve as academic or social-skills tutors for each other this is called:
(b)When students are taught, encouraged, & reinforced for reporting each other's positive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

(a)Peer Tutoring
(b)Positive Peer Reporting

Question 21

When students are suspnded for >10 days, the school must:
(a)provide free pub. educa. for the student
(b)arrange a formal hearing-w/advance notice of time, place, & procedure
(c)give an oral/written notice of charges & opportunity to respond to charges

Accepted Answer

(c)give an oral/written notice of charges & opportunity to respond to charges

Question 22

The first step of the behavior change process is to:
(a)collect baseline behavior
(b)select target behavior
(c)identify reinforcers
(d)evaluate the effects of intervention

Accepted Answer

(a)Collect baseline behavior is the first step in initiating behavior change. The other 3 options are steps that follow the initial step of the behavior change process.

Question 23

Which is NOT a quality of effective universal screening measures?
(a)accuracy
(b)length
(c)practicality
(d)ease of administration

Accepted Answer

(b)length is not a quality of effective universal screening measures. Effective universal screening measures are brief.

Question 24

The sequence of instruction is: [learning each concept so that one builds on the next]-What phonics instruction is the teacher using?
(a)synthetic
(b)analytic
(c)implicit
(d)linguistic

Accepted Answer

(a)Synthetic refers to a part-to-whole phonics approach. Analytic & Implicit refer to whole-to-part approaches to word study. Linguistic refers to learning to decode words through regular letter patterns.

Question 25

This phonics instruction proceeds from part-to-whole, in the sense that children are first instructed about letters & letter-sound correspondences & then taught how to blend sounds into syllables & words.

Accepted Answer

Explicit Phonics Instruction

Question 26

This phonics instruction proceeds from whole-to-part, in the sense that children are taught whole words & then learn how to analyze words into constituent parts, including syllables & letters.

Accepted Answer

Implicit Phonics Instruction

Question 27

Teaching students explicitly to convert letters into sounds (phonemes) and then blend the sounds to form recognizable words is known as:

Accepted Answer

Synthetic Phonics

Question 28

Teaching students to analyze letter-sound relations in previously learned words to avoid pronouncing sounds in isolation.

Accepted Answer

Analytic Phonics

Question 29

This phonics approach contains aspects of analytic & synthetic phonics. Beginning instruct. usually focuses on the word patterns found in words like cat, rat, mat, & bat. Lessons are based on decodable books that present repetitions of a single pattern.

Accepted Answer

Linguistic Phonics Approach. Includes fostering an awareness of onsets & rhymes, & showing children how to recognize words through analogy.

Question 30

Which concept is found in the pre-reading stage of reading development?
(a)decoding
(b)concepts of print
(c)alphabet principle
(d)fluency

Accepted Answer

(b)Concepts of Print. Decoding, alphabet principle, an fluency are concepts of the "learning to read" stage of reading development.

Question 31

Underlying skills such as phonemic awareness and facility with letter-sound correspondences are crucial in reading instruction. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True. Underlying skills such as phonemic awareness and facility with letter-sound correspondences are crucial in reading instruction.

Question 32

Which form of assessment is designed to identify students' reading strengths and weaknesses?
(a)screening
(b)progress monitoring
(c)diagnostic
(d)outcome

Accepted Answer

(c)Diagnostic testing is designed to identify students' strengths and weaknesses.

Question 33

These assessments are administered to all students in a particular group, such as a grade or a school. The goal is to identify, as early as possible, students who may need extra academic support. It is typically carried out at the beginning of a school yr

Accepted Answer

Screening Assessments. Another type of screening assessment is a vision screening administered to all incoming kindergarten students.

Question 34

This assessment is conducted frequently over some finite period of time, & it often focuses on one specific academic area (ex reading fluency) or behav. dimension (ex impulse control). It can be formal or informal. Curriculum-Based Measurement is an ex.

Accepted Answer

Progress Monitoring. It is used to determine whether an individual's progress is adequate.

Question 35

If a student is expressing an interest in attending karate class at the local YMCA, what type of instructional procedures could determine successful adaptive life skills at this location for the student?

Accepted Answer

An ecological assessment that involves carefully examining the environment in which the activity actually occurs - since the student is expressing an interest in a specific location.

Question 36

The phase of career development that occurs during the final years of high school is:
(a)preparation
(b)awareness
(c)exploration
(d)placement

Accepted Answer

(d)Placement occurs during the final years of H.S.- Preparation begins in elem., but becomes a priority at the H.S. level. Awareness begins in elem. & extends through middle. Exploration begins at the middle school level & continues into the H.S. years.

Question 37

A 2nd-grade teacher has referred a student who is struggling with basic reading skills 
for a comprehensive evaluation. Before the multidisciplinary team members begin 
the assessment process, they must complete which step first?

Accepted Answer

(a)obtain written permission from the student's parents/guardians. 
Not the answer:
(b)review the student's school and medical records.(c)observe student in various school settings.(d)select appropriate instruments to administer to the student

Question 38

A significant court case that stated that children with disabilities could not be excluded from school for any misbehavior that is disability-related.

Accepted Answer

Honig v. Doe was the significant court case that stated that children with disabilities could not be excluded from school for any misbehavior that is disability-related.

Question 39

What decision stipulated that all children are entitled to a free and appropriate education and parents had to be notified of changes made in a child's program.

Accepted Answer

The PARC decision stipulated that all children are entitled to a free and appropriate education and parents had to be notified of changes made in a child's program.

Question 40

The move to extend educational opportunities to students with disabilities is an outgrowth of:

Accepted Answer

The Civil Rights Movement

Question 41

What important refinement in special education was a result of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004)?

Accepted Answer

It established that special education teachers become highly qualified if they teach core academic content to students with disabilities

Question 42

As a result of PL 94-142, what changes occurred in education for students with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Education is to be provided to all children (6-18) who meet age eligibility requirements

Question 43

What is the Early Steps Program?

Accepted Answer

Early interven.syst. Services eligible inf.&tod.(birth-36 mths) w/signif. delays/cond. likely to result in a dev.delay. Provided to the fam.& child where they live,learn & play, to enable fam. to implement dev.approp.learn. opportun. during everyday act.

Question 44

What did the amendment to the Federal Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 do?

Accepted Answer

It created a new program to expand the number of postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities.

Question 45

The professional who has the most detailed knowledge of the day-to-day needs of students with disabilities is the:
(a)special education teacher
(b)general education teacher
(c)counselor
(d)administrator

Accepted Answer

(b)general education teacher has the most detailed knowledge of the day-to-day needs of students with disabilities

Question 46

High stakes tests are assessments designed to measure whether students have attained learning standards. This type of assessment is referred to as:
(a)norm-referenced
(b)criterion-referenced
(c)performance-based
(d)standardized achievement tests

Accepted Answer

(b)criterion-referenced assessments involves comparing student performance to a specific level of performance or benchmark.

Question 47

A student w/a read.dis. attained ben.mark lev. in read.fluen.& comp. for her gd-level. She was integrated into GenEd for the entire read.block, & her progress was carefully monitored to ensure her gains were maintained. Which decision-making area is this?

Accepted Answer

Program evaluation - since there was a change in program. Instructional Evaluation involves instructional procedures & Program Placement is the setting during which services are provided.

Question 48

The CCSS were built on international benchmarks & enable our students to:
(a)improve end-or-course performance
(b)compete with peers on both national & international levels
(c)decrease the need for remediation
(d)improve higher order thinking skills

Accepted Answer

(b)compete with peers on both national & international levels

Question 49

One of the major obstacles in evaluating student progress is:
(a)too much paperwork
(b)assessments are too lengthy
(c)lack of inservices for teachers
(d)planning & organizing an evaluation system

Accepted Answer

(d)planning & organizing an evaluation system

Question 50

______ Curriculum is written as part of formal instruction of the schooling experience. It may refer to a curriculum document, texts, & supportive materials that are overtly chosen to support the intentional instructional agenda of a school.

Accepted Answer

Explicit Curriculum is written as part of formal instruction of the schooling experience. It may refer to a curriculum document, texts, & supportive materials that are overtly chosen to support the intentional instructional agenda of a school.

Question 51

______ Curriculum is one that is crafted within the thinking processes of individual teachers but not written down or published, & therefore not able to be replicated by others.

Accepted Answer

Implicit Curriculum is one that is crafted within the thinking processes of individual teachers but not written down or published, & therefore not able to be replicated by others.

Question 52

Before each in-class math assign.,the teacher calls Sam up & reminds him of how well he did on the prev.assign.& shows a graph of his improved grades. She provides him w/a modified assign.& then has him sit w/a math buddy. She reduces undesired behav.by:

Accepted Answer

Manipulating antecedents

Question 53

The end of yr achieve. scores have been low at Mr.R's school. He's under pressure from the principal. He covers a lg. amnt of material each day & some of his struggling students are falling behind. What barrier to successful inclusion is Mr.R.experience.?

Accepted Answer

Content vs.Accommodation. Mr.R. is overwhelmed w/the amount of content he is covering & feels he needs to include all this info when working with the struggling students. More emphasis needs to be placed on accommodations portion of planning.

Question 54

What level of text should be used for repeated reading?
(a)the level at which the student has 50% word recognition
(b)any level as long as it engages the student
(c)instructional level
(d)a level that is slightly higher than the student's level

Accepted Answer

(c)Instructional level. The other options are either too vague or too accelerated to meet the individual needs of the student.

Question 55

Making a positive phone call to a parent is an example of a(n):
(a)activity reinforcer
(b)tangible reinforcer
(c)primary reinforcer
(d)social reinforcer

Accepted Answer

(d)social reinforcer. An ex.of Activity Reinforcer is having extra recess. A tangible reinforcer is earning a prize. A primary reinforcer is a food that a student finds rewarding.

Question 56

Services that are coordinated through school, home, & community settings are described as:
(a)wraparound processes
(b)social learning
(c)social skills training
(d)self-monitoring

Accepted Answer

(a)wraparound processes. Social Learning involves observing & modeling the behavior of others. Social Skills Training provides students w/specific instruction about acquisition, performance,& fluency of social skills.

Question 57

Which is NOT considered a step in teach.cog. behav.mgmt.strategies?
(a)clearly specify expectations for the stdnt
(b)discuss the strategy w/the stdnt & present rationale for its use
(c)model for the stdnt what is expect.
(d)provide practice & feedback

Accepted Answer

(a)clearly specifying the expectations for the student applies to a behavior contract.

Question 58

Which would NOT be an effective strategy when working w/students w/EBD?
(a)be consistent w/clear procedures & expectations
(b)be in control in stressful situations
(c)be stern & never laugh
(d)spend time w/students in nonacademic situations

Accepted Answer

(c)be stern & never laugh. Laughter is very important & students need to see the teacher enjoying him - or herself.

Question 59

The behavioral criteria of an objective should be based mainly on:
(a)the ultimate or long-term goal
(b)past performance
(c)the student's home behavior
(d)baseline data

Accepted Answer

(d)baseline data. The other options are not necessarily starting points even though they are overall aspects of a student's behavior

Question 60

During a momentary time sample,observer records
(a)the absence/presence of a behav.during each interval
(b)evthing observ.about individual's behav.
(c)behav. every time it occurs in a specific time period
(d)whether behav. occurred at a partic. moment

Accepted Answer

(c)the observer records the behavior every time it occurs in a specific time period as the documentation for a given time sample.

Question 61

A student asks a teacher what time it is about fifteen times a day. What intervention would be most effective?
(a)differential reinforcement
(b)reprimand
(c)extinction
(d)time-out

Accepted Answer

(a)the behavior is attention-seeking. Differential reinforcement may be applied to behaviors that are habits, do not need to be reduced rapidly, & do not need to be reduced to zero.

Question 62

High-frequency words are taught as sight words early in children's reading instruction. Which strategy is NOT effective in teaching sight words?
(a)word walls
(b)environmental print
(c)word games
(d)repeated readings

Accepted Answer

(d)Repeated reading is a strategy to develop rapid, fluent, oral reading. The other options take place at the initial stages of reading instruction.

Question 63

Which of the following techniques assists students when considering ways to get across the author's meaning using prosodic cues such as pitch,loudness,stress & pauses?
(a)timed reading
(b)reader's theater
(c)repeated reading
(d)choral reading

Accepted Answer

(d)choral reading. Timed reading refers to reading a passage within a certain amount of time. Reader's theater refers to the oral present.of drama,prose, or poetry by two or more readers. Repeated reading is a strategy to develop rapid,fluent,oral reading

Question 64

Strategies used during the reciprocal teaching approach framework are
(a)prediction, & visualization of key concepts, events,& individuals
(b)prediction,clarification,summarization
(c)predict.,questioning,clarif.,summ.
(d)inferencing,clarif.,summ.

Accepted Answer

(c)prediction, questioning, clarification, & summarizing are strategies used during the reciprocal teaching approach framework

Question	Answer
Under IDEA 2004, Part C, what services may be available for a child turning three who has been in the Early Steps Program for the last year? (a)VPK (b)Individual Education Services (c)Hospital Homebound services (d)Vocational services	(a)VPK Education Program. For children who turn 4 by Sept.1st (free). 2 programs available, one starts in Aug. & runs for 540 instructional hrs & the other starts in May & runs for 300 hrs.
Regarding scaffolding, which would be most descriptive of SWD? (a)Begin w/what the students can do (b)Help students achieve success quickly (c)H. students "to be" like everyone else (d)H. students be independent when they have command of the activity	(c)Help students "to be" like everyone else All are good, but from viewpoint of student, he has a need to be similar to & accepted by his peers.
Students w/disabilities will have detailed planning of their education & related services in a document known as an IEP. Monitoring of these special services must take place (a)at annual review (b)at a 3yr re-eval (c)quarterly (d)no review is necesary	(a)at an annual review At least once a year, annual goals must be reviewed & the IEP revised or updated. 3yr is to reassess to determine if needs have changed. Quarterly are a formal communication of student learning progress.
Assessments that give us some idea of what students need to know to achieve grade-level performance are referred to as: (a)diagnostic assessments (b)curriculum-based measurement (c)progress monitoring (d)norm-based assessments	(d)norm-based assessments. - Diagnostic assess. provide specific info about how a student is performing & what he needs to know. CBM & progress monitoring measure student progress & highlights the close association between curriculum & student perform..
Parents being fully notified in their native lang. of all educational activities to be conducted during a nondiscriminatory eval. of their child is called: (a)procedural safeguard (b)parental consent (c)informed consent (d)eligibility determination	(c)informed consent. - Procedural safeguards are given to parents during an IEP meeting. Parental consent is indicated by having a parent give permission for testing. Eligibility determination is based on testing results & classroom performance.
Elisabeth's teacher gives a spelling test the end of each week to determine student mastery of the words. This type of assess. is (a)criterion-related assess. (b)criterion-referenced assess. (c)curriculum-based assess. (d)curriculum-based measurement	(c)curriculum-based assessments (ex.chapter tests), are used to determine how a student is performing in or mastering the actual curriculum. The other 3 tests & measurements are either not specific to the curriculum or are measurements, not assessments.
When focusing on comprehension, if students pay close attention to whether or not the text is making sense to them, they are using the comprehension strategy known as: (a)question generating (b)clarifying (c)scaffolding (d)modeling	(b)clarifying...when students look for words & concepts they do not understand. - Question generating refers to students generating quest. about text content. Scaffolding helps students bridge the gap between their current abilities & the intended goal.
What approach to instruction extends the concept of lang. experience throughout the grades by immersing students in reading, write, talk, listen, & viewing activities? (a)language-experience app. (b)integrated lang. arts app. (c)literature-based app	(b)Integrated language arts approach.- A lang. experience approach uses lang. to communicate thoughts, ideas, & meaning. Lit-based approach focuses on meaning, interest, & enjoyment as well as individual student differences in reading ability.
Basal Reading Approach uses...	the reading lesson or story with a small group of students during a specified time and location.
Which is NOT a feature of effective reading instruction? (a)using appropriate & ongoing screening, assess., & progress monitor (b)providing intensive instruction (c)collab. w/the read. specialist/Sped teacher (d)obtaining early intervention when need.	(c)Collaborating w/reading specialist/Sped teacher. While collaborating is important, the other 3 options are directly connected to effective reading instruction.
Strategic competence (aspect of math proficiency.) (a)understanding math concepts & oper. (b)able to accurately & efficiently conduct oper. & math practices (c)ability to formulate & conduct math problems (d)think about, explain, & justify math work	(c)ability to formulate & conduct math problems. The other answers are aspects too- (a)is Conceptual Understanding, (b)is Procedural Fluency, & (d)is Adaptive Reasoning.
When a target behavior transfers across settings, persons, and materials, which stage of learning has been completed? (a)maintenance (b)entry (c)acquisition (d)generalization	(d)generalization. Maintenance, acquisition, and entry are incorrect as the behavior is not the initial stage- acquisition already occurred and is being maintained.
A benefit of consultation & collaboration includes: (a)increased time for lesson planning (b)a streamlined approach to teaching (c)reduced caseload management for Sped teachers (d)reduced mislabeling of kids as disabled	(d)reduced mislabeling of kids as disabled. If there is communication w/personnel in the building, there is less likelihood that students will be mislabeled. The other 3 options are not goals or reasons for collaboration or consultation.
Gen-Ed teacher is reluctant to make modifications & accommodations for her Sped kids because she says they won't have this support when they finish school- what does this illustrate? (d) new roles for special education teachers.	The Sped teacher must inform the GenEd teacher of how she will be included into the GenEd classroom & be a collaborative source. Other options were: (a)individual vs class focus, (b)content vs acomm., (c)real world vs the student's world.
Students who have auditory discrimination difficulties may benefit from: (a)electronic books (b)direct instruction (c)the whole-language approach (d)speech to text programs	(a)electronic books reflect text that is read to the student. The other options do not offer individualized instruction for students who require auditory discrimination.
When a teacher keeps written notes of a student's actions or words, gathered while they happen or shortly after, the teacher is completing a(n) (a)permanent product recording (b)duration recording (c)anecdotal recording (d)event recording	(c)anecdotal record. (a)Perm. Product Rec. involves keeping samples of work as a means of measuring behavior. (b) Duration Rec. is the length of time the behavior occurs. (d)Event Rec. refers to how many times a behavior occurs in a given period of time.
Teaching which of the following skills requires a more active role from the students and a more collaborative role from the teacher? (a)self-monitoring (b)self-management (c)self-control (d)conflict resolution	(b)self-man. enables studnts to govern reinforcers for their behaviors. Self-mon. hlps studnts become more aware of their own behav. Self-con. & Confl. Res.-skills taught to studnts frstrated or who become volatile when conflicts arise between/among peers
A continuum of policies & procedures implemented throughout the school for all the students is called: (a)RTI (b)positive behavior support (c)culturally responsive teaching (d)positive reinforcement	(b)Pos.Behav.Reinforcement is a prob-solving model involving all stakeholders. RTI is a model for screening students & using their RTI as data to identify students who need Sped services. Positive Reinforcement maintains or increases the target behavior.
A peer is taught to observe & record a peer's behavior & provide the peer w/feedback. This describes: (a)peer tutoring (b)peer support & confrontation (c)positive peer reporting (d)peer monitoring	(d)Peer Monitoring. In Peer Supp. & Conf. peers are trained to acknowledge one another's pos.behav. & when inappro.behav.occurs, peers are trained to explain why the behav.is inapp. & suggest or model an appro.response.
(a)When students serve as academic or social-skills tutors for each other this is called: (b)When students are taught, encouraged, & reinforced for reporting each other's positive behaviors.	(a)Peer Tutoring (b)Positive Peer Reporting
When students are suspnded for >10 days, the school must: (a)provide free pub. educa. for the student (b)arrange a formal hearing-w/advance notice of time, place, & procedure (c)give an oral/written notice of charges & opportunity to respond to charges	(c)give an oral/written notice of charges & opportunity to respond to charges
The first step of the behavior change process is to: (a)collect baseline behavior (b)select target behavior (c)identify reinforcers (d)evaluate the effects of intervention	(a)Collect baseline behavior is the first step in initiating behavior change. The other 3 options are steps that follow the initial step of the behavior change process.
Which is NOT a quality of effective universal screening measures? (a)accuracy (b)length (c)practicality (d)ease of administration	(b)length is not a quality of effective universal screening measures. Effective universal screening measures are brief.
The sequence of instruction is: [learning each concept so that one builds on the next]-What phonics instruction is the teacher using? (a)synthetic (b)analytic (c)implicit (d)linguistic	(a)Synthetic refers to a part-to-whole phonics approach. Analytic & Implicit refer to whole-to-part approaches to word study. Linguistic refers to learning to decode words through regular letter patterns.
This phonics instruction proceeds from part-to-whole, in the sense that children are first instructed about letters & letter-sound correspondences & then taught how to blend sounds into syllables & words.	Explicit Phonics Instruction
This phonics instruction proceeds from whole-to-part, in the sense that children are taught whole words & then learn how to analyze words into constituent parts, including syllables & letters.	Implicit Phonics Instruction
Teaching students explicitly to convert letters into sounds (phonemes) and then blend the sounds to form recognizable words is known as:	Synthetic Phonics
Teaching students to analyze letter-sound relations in previously learned words to avoid pronouncing sounds in isolation.	Analytic Phonics
This phonics approach contains aspects of analytic & synthetic phonics. Beginning instruct. usually focuses on the word patterns found in words like cat, rat, mat, & bat. Lessons are based on decodable books that present repetitions of a single pattern.	Linguistic Phonics Approach. Includes fostering an awareness of onsets & rhymes, & showing children how to recognize words through analogy.
Which concept is found in the pre-reading stage of reading development? (a)decoding (b)concepts of print (c)alphabet principle (d)fluency	(b)Concepts of Print. Decoding, alphabet principle, an fluency are concepts of the "learning to read" stage of reading development.
Underlying skills such as phonemic awareness and facility with letter-sound correspondences are crucial in reading instruction. True or False?	True. Underlying skills such as phonemic awareness and facility with letter-sound correspondences are crucial in reading instruction.
Which form of assessment is designed to identify students' reading strengths and weaknesses? (a)screening (b)progress monitoring (c)diagnostic (d)outcome	(c)Diagnostic testing is designed to identify students' strengths and weaknesses.
These assessments are administered to all students in a particular group, such as a grade or a school. The goal is to identify, as early as possible, students who may need extra academic support. It is typically carried out at the beginning of a school yr	Screening Assessments. Another type of screening assessment is a vision screening administered to all incoming kindergarten students.
This assessment is conducted frequently over some finite period of time, & it often focuses on one specific academic area (ex reading fluency) or behav. dimension (ex impulse control). It can be formal or informal. Curriculum-Based Measurement is an ex.	Progress Monitoring. It is used to determine whether an individual's progress is adequate.
If a student is expressing an interest in attending karate class at the local YMCA, what type of instructional procedures could determine successful adaptive life skills at this location for the student?	An ecological assessment that involves carefully examining the environment in which the activity actually occurs - since the student is expressing an interest in a specific location.
The phase of career development that occurs during the final years of high school is: (a)preparation (b)awareness (c)exploration (d)placement	(d)Placement occurs during the final years of H.S.- Preparation begins in elem., but becomes a priority at the H.S. level. Awareness begins in elem. & extends through middle. Exploration begins at the middle school level & continues into the H.S. years.
A 2nd-grade teacher has referred a student who is struggling with basic reading skills for a comprehensive evaluation. Before the multidisciplinary team members begin the assessment process, they must complete which step first?	(a)obtain written permission from the student's parents/guardians. Not the answer: (b)review the student's school and medical records.(c)observe student in various school settings.(d)select appropriate instruments to administer to the student
A significant court case that stated that children with disabilities could not be excluded from school for any misbehavior that is disability-related.	Honig v. Doe was the significant court case that stated that children with disabilities could not be excluded from school for any misbehavior that is disability-related.
What decision stipulated that all children are entitled to a free and appropriate education and parents had to be notified of changes made in a child's program.	The PARC decision stipulated that all children are entitled to a free and appropriate education and parents had to be notified of changes made in a child's program.
The move to extend educational opportunities to students with disabilities is an outgrowth of:	The Civil Rights Movement
What important refinement in special education was a result of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004)?	It established that special education teachers become highly qualified if they teach core academic content to students with disabilities
As a result of PL 94-142, what changes occurred in education for students with disabilities?	Education is to be provided to all children (6-18) who meet age eligibility requirements
What is the Early Steps Program?	Early interven.syst. Services eligible inf.&tod.(birth-36 mths) w/signif. delays/cond. likely to result in a dev.delay. Provided to the fam.& child where they live,learn & play, to enable fam. to implement dev.approp.learn. opportun. during everyday act.
What did the amendment to the Federal Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 do?	It created a new program to expand the number of postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities.
The professional who has the most detailed knowledge of the day-to-day needs of students with disabilities is the: (a)special education teacher (b)general education teacher (c)counselor (d)administrator	(b)general education teacher has the most detailed knowledge of the day-to-day needs of students with disabilities
High stakes tests are assessments designed to measure whether students have attained learning standards. This type of assessment is referred to as: (a)norm-referenced (b)criterion-referenced (c)performance-based (d)standardized achievement tests	(b)criterion-referenced assessments involves comparing student performance to a specific level of performance or benchmark.
A student w/a read.dis. attained ben.mark lev. in read.fluen.& comp. for her gd-level. She was integrated into GenEd for the entire read.block, & her progress was carefully monitored to ensure her gains were maintained. Which decision-making area is this?	Program evaluation - since there was a change in program. Instructional Evaluation involves instructional procedures & Program Placement is the setting during which services are provided.
The CCSS were built on international benchmarks & enable our students to: (a)improve end-or-course performance (b)compete with peers on both national & international levels (c)decrease the need for remediation (d)improve higher order thinking skills	(b)compete with peers on both national & international levels
One of the major obstacles in evaluating student progress is: (a)too much paperwork (b)assessments are too lengthy (c)lack of inservices for teachers (d)planning & organizing an evaluation system	(d)planning & organizing an evaluation system
______ Curriculum is written as part of formal instruction of the schooling experience. It may refer to a curriculum document, texts, & supportive materials that are overtly chosen to support the intentional instructional agenda of a school.	Explicit Curriculum is written as part of formal instruction of the schooling experience. It may refer to a curriculum document, texts, & supportive materials that are overtly chosen to support the intentional instructional agenda of a school.
______ Curriculum is one that is crafted within the thinking processes of individual teachers but not written down or published, & therefore not able to be replicated by others.	Implicit Curriculum is one that is crafted within the thinking processes of individual teachers but not written down or published, & therefore not able to be replicated by others.
Before each in-class math assign.,the teacher calls Sam up & reminds him of how well he did on the prev.assign.& shows a graph of his improved grades. She provides him w/a modified assign.& then has him sit w/a math buddy. She reduces undesired behav.by:	Manipulating antecedents
The end of yr achieve. scores have been low at Mr.R's school. He's under pressure from the principal. He covers a lg. amnt of material each day & some of his struggling students are falling behind. What barrier to successful inclusion is Mr.R.experience.?	Content vs.Accommodation. Mr.R. is overwhelmed w/the amount of content he is covering & feels he needs to include all this info when working with the struggling students. More emphasis needs to be placed on accommodations portion of planning.
What level of text should be used for repeated reading? (a)the level at which the student has 50% word recognition (b)any level as long as it engages the student (c)instructional level (d)a level that is slightly higher than the student's level	(c)Instructional level. The other options are either too vague or too accelerated to meet the individual needs of the student.
Making a positive phone call to a parent is an example of a(n): (a)activity reinforcer (b)tangible reinforcer (c)primary reinforcer (d)social reinforcer	(d)social reinforcer. An ex.of Activity Reinforcer is having extra recess. A tangible reinforcer is earning a prize. A primary reinforcer is a food that a student finds rewarding.
Services that are coordinated through school, home, & community settings are described as: (a)wraparound processes (b)social learning (c)social skills training (d)self-monitoring	(a)wraparound processes. Social Learning involves observing & modeling the behavior of others. Social Skills Training provides students w/specific instruction about acquisition, performance,& fluency of social skills.
Which is NOT considered a step in teach.cog. behav.mgmt.strategies? (a)clearly specify expectations for the stdnt (b)discuss the strategy w/the stdnt & present rationale for its use (c)model for the stdnt what is expect. (d)provide practice & feedback	(a)clearly specifying the expectations for the student applies to a behavior contract.
Which would NOT be an effective strategy when working w/students w/EBD? (a)be consistent w/clear procedures & expectations (b)be in control in stressful situations (c)be stern & never laugh (d)spend time w/students in nonacademic situations	(c)be stern & never laugh. Laughter is very important & students need to see the teacher enjoying him - or herself.
The behavioral criteria of an objective should be based mainly on: (a)the ultimate or long-term goal (b)past performance (c)the student's home behavior (d)baseline data	(d)baseline data. The other options are not necessarily starting points even though they are overall aspects of a student's behavior
During a momentary time sample,observer records (a)the absence/presence of a behav.during each interval (b)evthing observ.about individual's behav. (c)behav. every time it occurs in a specific time period (d)whether behav. occurred at a partic. moment	(c)the observer records the behavior every time it occurs in a specific time period as the documentation for a given time sample.
A student asks a teacher what time it is about fifteen times a day. What intervention would be most effective? (a)differential reinforcement (b)reprimand (c)extinction (d)time-out	(a)the behavior is attention-seeking. Differential reinforcement may be applied to behaviors that are habits, do not need to be reduced rapidly, & do not need to be reduced to zero.
High-frequency words are taught as sight words early in children's reading instruction. Which strategy is NOT effective in teaching sight words? (a)word walls (b)environmental print (c)word games (d)repeated readings	(d)Repeated reading is a strategy to develop rapid, fluent, oral reading. The other options take place at the initial stages of reading instruction.
Which of the following techniques assists students when considering ways to get across the author's meaning using prosodic cues such as pitch,loudness,stress & pauses? (a)timed reading (b)reader's theater (c)repeated reading (d)choral reading	(d)choral reading. Timed reading refers to reading a passage within a certain amount of time. Reader's theater refers to the oral present.of drama,prose, or poetry by two or more readers. Repeated reading is a strategy to develop rapid,fluent,oral reading
Strategies used during the reciprocal teaching approach framework are (a)prediction, & visualization of key concepts, events,& individuals (b)prediction,clarification,summarization (c)predict.,questioning,clarif.,summ. (d)inferencing,clarif.,summ.	(c)prediction, questioning, clarification, & summarizing are strategies used during the reciprocal teaching approach framework
Which of the following system of language governs the structure of words & word forms? (a)morphology (b)syntax (c)phonology (d)pragmatics	(c)Implicit is the correct answer as it is a whole-to-part approach to word study. Synthetic & Explicit are part-to-whole phonics approaches. Linguistic is learning to decode words through regular letter patterns.
When planning a yr-long strategy instruction curriculum (a)plan to teach all 9 compre.strateg.in the school yr (b)teach exactly what your core reading prog. suggests (c)choose a few key strategies to teach in-depth (d)start the yr w/teach. inferencing	(c)choose a few key strategies to teach in-depth is the correct answer as thought toward in-depth teaching should be part of reading instruction. The other options do not allow for more in-depth thought of content areas.
One way to reduce isolation of weaker readers is to (a)make all instruction whole-class (b)have all students reading the same text (c)ask stronger readers to read the texts to weaker readers (d)have all students reading texts on a common theme	(d)The student is less likely to feel isolated if all students in the class are working on one theme or content area.
Choose an activity related to career awareness (a)on-campus jobs (b)service learning projects (c)studying community service workers (d)community-based shadowing	(c)students gain knowledge about various careers by studying community service workers. The other options are activities relating to career exploration, not awareness.
Which category of transition activities prepares a student for a future career? (a)instruction (b)related services (c)community experiences (d)employment	(d)employ.activities assist students in choosing appropriate postsecondary training for entering the workforce immediately after grad. Community experiences provide students the opportunity to practice skills in actual settings in which they will be used.
Effec.fam.involve.includes all BUT (a)allow child take respons.for as many age-approp.life activ.as poss. (b)assure child he's supported in decisions regarding life after grad. (c)dev.career portf.which students accum.info related to career interests.	(c)develop a career portfolio in which students accumulate information related to career interests is the exception.
Community-based training consists of experiences where students can develop actual career-related skills. Opportun.where students work alongside employees of area businesses for a few hrs are known as (a)internships (b)job shadowing (c)apprenticeships	(b)through job shadowing students can develop a better understanding of their interests & capabilities. Internships allow students to spend an extended amount of time on a single job site. Apprenticeships usually last 3-4 yrs.
Identify the activity that would be included in the personal-social domain of transition planning (a)set up savings account for expenses related to purchasing a car (b)complete a career portfolio (c)participate in scheduling dance classes after school	(a)set up a savings account for expenses related to purchasing a car is correct, as money & budgeting are part of the personal-leisure domain. The other options are activities that correspond to the remaining domains for transition planning.
Which individuals experience the poorer outcomes because they tend not to have access to the full array of transition services while in H.S.? (a)young men w/disabilities (b)young women w/disab. (c)all children w/autism (d)middle school boys w/ADHD	(b)a young woman w/disabilities, as she is less likely to enroll in work-study & vocational education. The other options are incorrect because the age levels of the students do not apply or the gender is incorrect.
Between the ages of 3 & 21, each student with a disability must have a(n) ________ that describes the child's present level of progress & learning capacity, short/long-term educational goals for the child, & the accommod. & services that will be provided	Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
Prior to age 3, each child who shows signs of developmental delay must have a(n)________.	Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
Within ___ days of determining that a child is eligible for special education services under IDEA, an IEP Team must meet in order to create an IEP for the child.	Within 30 days of determining that a child is eligible for special education services under IDEA, an IEP Team must meet in order to create an IEP for the child.
The IEP team must review the IEP at least once per year, as well as whenever the school and/or parents request a review. True or False?	TRUE. The IEP team must review the IEP at least once per year, as well as whenever the school and/or parents request a review.
Once the child reaches the age of ___, if not earlier, the IEP must indicate what courses the child must take to achieve his or her post-graduation goals.	Once the child reaches the age of 14, if not earlier, the IEP must indicate what courses the child must take to achieve his or her post-graduation goals.
Once the child is ___, if not sooner, the IEP must indicate what transition services are needed to prepare the child for leaving school. It must also address interagency responsibil; it must indicate who besides the school will provide transition support.	Once the child is 16, if not sooner, the IEP must indicate what transition services are needed to prepare the child for leaving school. The post-graduation goals must also be measurable.
Name the 13 categories of disability listed in the IDEA:	autism, deaf-blind., deafness, emotional disturb., hearing impairment, intellectual disabil., multiple disabil., orthopedic impairment, other health impairment, specific learning disabil., speech/lang.impairment, traumatic brain injury, visual impairment
Children with hearing difficulties are classified as hearing impaired only if the difficulties persist even after corrections (e.g., surgery and/or use of hearing aids). True or False	TRUE. Children with hearing difficulties are classified as hearing impaired only if the difficulties persist even after corrections (e.g., surgery and/or use of hearing aids).
This refers to a combination of disabilities that is so severe the student cannot benefit sufficiently from programs and services that are designed for any one of those disabilities.	Multiple Disabilities refers to a combination of disabilities that is so severe the student cannot benefit sufficiently from programs and services that are designed for any one of those disabilities.
In Florida, prior to referral for evaluation, the following activities must take place:	(1)Convening of 2 or more conferences pertaining to the student's area(s)of concern. (2)Review of anecdotal records or behav.observ. by the student's teacher & at least 1 other person. (showing that the area of concern has arisen in more than 1 situation)
In Florida, prior to referral for evaluation, the following activities must take place:	(3)Screening for sensory deficits (ex.hearing problems)that may be responsible for the student's area(s) of concern.(4)Review of educational records, including achievement data & social, psychological, & medical info.
In Florida, prior to referral for evaluation, the following activities must take place:	(5)Review of attendance records & investigation into causes of excessive absenteeism.(6)Implementation of 2 or more general interventions or strategies, along w/the use of pre & post-intervention measures to evaluate their effectiveness.
A ruling pertaining to the use of evaluation procedures later consolidated in PL 94-142 resulted from which court case? (a)Diana v. the State Board of Ed (1970) (b)Wyatt v. Stickney (c)Larry P. v. Riles (d)PASE v. Hannon	(a)Diana v. the State Board of Ed resulted in the decision that all children must be evaluated in their native language.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was signed into law in & and later reauthorized through a second revision in what years? (a)1975 & 2004 (b)1980 & 1990 (c)1990 & 2004 (d)1995 & 2001	(c)IDEA, PL 101-476, is a consolidation & reauthoriz. of all prior special ed. mandates, w/amendments. Bush signed on 10/30/1990. Revision occurred in 2004, & IDEA was re-authorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
This Act affected students w/Limited English Proficiency (LEP) by requiring them to demonstrate English Language Proficiency before a High School Diploma is granted.	The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law by President _________ the same year as IDEA (1990).	President Bush
The opportunity for persons with disabilities to live as close to the normal as possible describes:	Normalization
The Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) describes Special Ed & related services as?	Including preschool, elementary, and/or secondary education in the state involved. Meet the the standards of the state educational agency, & are provided in conformity w/each student's IEP if the program is developed to meet requirements of the law.
Category of disability includes: Congenital conditions, such as severe Spina Bifida, deaf., blind., or profound mental retarda. Also includes children who contract diseases, such as polio or meningitis, & who are left in an incapacitated functional state	Developmental Disabilities
Which of the following goals reflects new IDEA requirements? (a)Janet wants to be a doctor (b)Frank intends to go to The Culinary Institute (c)Janet will go to college (d)Carmel currently lives independently on her own	(c)Janet will go to college. Post adult outcome must now be written with a "student will" statement.
Individuals with mental retardation can be characterized as:	Often indistinguishable from normal developing children at an early age
Which of the following statements about children w/an emotional/behavioral disorder is true? (a)they have very high IQs (b)they display poor social skills (c)they are poor academic achievers (d)both b and c	(d)Both b & c. Also: Avg. to above avg. scores on IQ tests; learned helplessness; unsatisfactory interpersonal relationships; immaturity; attention seeking.
CST coordin.& particip. n due diligence process (a)Child study team meets for 1st time w/out parents. (b)Teachers take child learn. concerns to school counselor (c)Sch.counselor contacts parents for permission to perform screen.assess. (d)all above	(d)all of the above.
What do the 9th & 10th Amendments to the U.S. Const. state about education? (a)education belongs to the people (b)education is an unstated power vested in the states (c)elected officials mandate education (d)education is free	(b)That education is an unstated power vested in the states
Which is characteristic of group tests? (a)directions are always read to students (b)the examiner monitors several students at the same time (c)the teacher must follow a standardized procedure (d)diagnostic info cannot be gathered	(b)the examiner monitors several students at the same time
Which uses are standardized individual tests MOST appropriate? (a)Screen students to determine possible need for Sped services (b)Eval. of Sped curricula (c)Eval. of a student for eligibility & placement, or individualized prog.plan.,in Sped	(c)Evaluation of a student for eligibility & placement, or individualized program planning, in special education.
Criterion-Ref.tests can provide info about: (a)whether a student has mastered pre-req. skills (b)whether a student is ready to proceed to the next level of instruct. (c)which instruct.materials might be helpful in covering prog.objectives (d)all above	(a)Whether a student has mastered pre-req.skills. In crit-ref tests the emphasis is on assessing specific & relevant behav. that have been mastered. Items on crit-ref tests are often linked directly to specific instructional objectives.
To which aspect does fair assessment relate? (a)representation (b)acculturation (c)language (d)all of the above	(d)all of the above. All three aspects are necessary and vital for assessment to be fair.
Which of the following activities best exemplifies a kinesthetic exercise in developing body awareness? (a)playing a song & movement game like "Looby Loo" (b)identifying geometric shapes being drawn on one's back	(a)playing a song & movement game like "Looby Loo". Kinesthetic means having to do with body movement.
Which of the following questions most directly evaluates the utility of instructional material? (a)are the materials organized in a useful manner? (b)are the needs of the students met by the use of the materials?	(a)are the materials organized in a useful manner. *It is a question of utility or usefulness.
Modifications of course material may take the form of: (a)simplifying texts (b)parallel curriculum (c)taped textbooks (d)all of the above	(d)all of the above. Materials, usually textbooks, are frequently modified because of the reading level. The goal of modific. is to present the material in a manner that the student can more readily understand, while preserving the basic ideas & content
A Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP) should: (a)be written by a team (b)be reviewed annually (c)be written by the teacher who is primarily responsible for the student (d)consider placement	(a)be written by a team. IDEA 2004 establishes that the BIP is a team intervention. Writing BIPs without a team approach does not allow the behavior to truly be addressed as a team.
Procedures employed to decrease targeted behaviors include: (a)punishment (b)negative reinforcement (c)shaping (d)both a & b	(a)punishment. Punishment & extinction may be used to decrease target behaviors.
The most important step in writing a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)is to establish: (a)a replacement behavior (b)levels of interventions (c)antecedents related or causative to the behavior (d)assessment periods of FBA effectiveness	(c)antecedents related or causative to the behavior. An FBA will only be successful if antecedents are recognized. Avoidance of situations & training/cultivating of replacement behaviors then become possible.
Here are some ideas for preventing satiation: [Satiation is defined as: to supply with anything to excess, so as to disgust or weary]	Vary reinforcers w/instructional tasks; shorten the instructional sessions, & presentation of reinforcers will be decreased; alternate reinforcers; decrease the size of edibles; have an array of edibles available
Dispensing school supplies is a component associated with which type of reinforcement system? (a)activity reinforcement (b)tangible reinforcement (c)token reinforcement (d)both b and c	(a)activity reinforcement. The Premack Principle states that any activity in which a student voluntarily participates on a frequent basis can be used as a reinforcer for any activity in which the student seldom participates, ex. running errands
In the Grammatic Closure subtest of the ITPA [not important], the child is presented w/a picture representing statements such as: "Here is one die; here are two __." This test is essentially a test of: (a)phonology (b)syntax (c)morphology (d)semantics	(c)Morphology refers to the rules governing the structure of words & how to put morphemes together to make words. Changing the ending to 'ce' is using morphological structure. Syntax is a system of rules for sentence formation, not word formation.
Which of the following is an example of cross-modal perception involving integration visual stimuli to an auditory verbal process? (a)following spoken directions (b)describing a picture (c)finding certain objects in pictures (d)both b and c	(b)describing a picture. We see (visual modality) the picture and use words (auditory modality) to describe it.
When you need to evaluate a student's work ethics, you should give what assessment? (a)Naturalistic (b)Dynamic (c)Performance-based (d)Criterion-referenced	(a)Naturalistic. Work ethics are social skills. Social skills are best evaluated over time in their natural surroundings.
In career education, specific training & preparation required for the world of work occurs during the phase of: (a)Career awareness (b)Career exploration (c)Career preparation (d)Daily living and personal-social interaction	(c)Career preparation. Career Awareness: diversity of available jobs; Career Exploration: skills needed for occupational groups; Career Preparation: specific training & preparation required for the world of work
The transition activities that have to be addressed, unless the IEP team finds them uncalled for, are: (a)Instruction (b)Community experiences (c)The development of objectives related to employment & other post-school areas (d)all of the above	(d)all the above. Transition services will be different for each student, but all 3 aspects must be addressed. It must take into account the student's interests & preferences. Evaluation of career interests, aptitudes, skills, & training may be considered
Effective transition was included in: (a)President Bush's 1990 State of the Union Message (b)Public Law 101-476 (c)Public Law 95-207 (d)Both a and b	(d)both a and b. With the enactment of PL 101-476 (IDEA), transition services became a right.
Changes in requirements for Current Levels of Performance require?	Student Voice must be included in each Present Levels of Perform. This means Academic,Social,Physical,Management,etc. must include one student voice statement either in the strengths/needs or both, ex."John states that he would rather read than do math."
Student Voice in Present Level of Performance:	S.voice can express strengths, prefer.,&/or interests. When he begins to do vocational assess, s.v. should be related to transition to post-school activi.of his choice. PLoP must indicate why a student's post adult goals are realistic,or why they aren't
What is dysarthria?	It is illustrated by speech impairments such as slurring and distortions as a result of paralysis to the musculature that controls speech.
PL 99-457 amended the EHA to make provisions for:	providing special education programs for children 3-5 years, with most states offering outreach programs to identify children with special needs from birth to age 3.
What Stage? Children respond to words as visual gestalts in context by memor.their vis.features, but don't yet understand phoneme/letter correspondence. They might recog.the word "stop" inside the usual hexagon shape, but not recog.it in connected text.	Pre-Alphabetic
What Stage? Children can name some letters of the alphabet, apply sounds to many of the consonants. They can identify more words in different contexts, but cannot handle vowel sounds well & don't recognize common spelling patterns.	Partial-Alphabetic
What Stage? Children have a good understanding of the graphophonemic system & fully grasp the connection between graphemes & phonemes. They can decode letter by letter & spell phonetically. They can decode unfamiliar words & store sight words in memory.	Full-Alphabetic
What Stage? Children tend to see words as whole units & use all their decoding skills in unison to decode unfamil.words, allowing them to decode multi-syl. words & decode words by analogy. They can also use pre/suf-fixes as clues to decoding new words	Consolidated-Alphabetic
What Stage? At this phase, the child's decoding has reached a state of automaticity where the word-level reading predominates, & reading is fluent and comprehension rivals that of listening comprehension.	Automatic phase
Which law specifically states that, "Full inclusion is not the only way for a student to reach his/her highest potential"?	In IDEIA, 2004 (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act)
NCLB (No Child Left Behind Act) was signed on January 8, 2002. It addressed what?	Accountability of school personnel for student achievement
What is a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)?	A proactive approach using a collaborative problem solving process to create a hypothesis that looks beyond behavior and function alone to focus on root cause/lagging skills…that drives the development of an effective BIP.
What is a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?	A comprehensive and individualized plan developed by a collaborative team, based on an FBA, detailing challenging behaviors and defining the root causes, with specific behavioral strategies, supports, and skill building techniques clearly listed.
What legislation started FAPE?	Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act in 1973.
The revision of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 1997 required:	Collaboration of educational professionals in order to provide equitable opportunities for students with disabilities.
IDEA 2004 changed the IEP by?...	Not requiring short-term objectives. Until IDEA 2004, short term goals/objectives needed to be in place to see progress towards a goal
Which of the following would be effective techniques for improving fluency? (a)choral reading (b)reader's theater (c)modeling and recorded books (d)all of the above	(d)all of the above. Also...paired reading, frequent independent reading, repeated reading aloud of the same passage, & drilling on high frequency sight words, have shown to be helpful in improving fluency & prosody.
Guidelines for an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) would be described in which legislation?	PL 99-457, 1986 is a revision of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act & it extends services for children ages 3-5 & their families.
PL 101-476	is IDEA, and is the re-authorization and renaming of EHA
PL 94-142	Education for All Handicapped Children Act, was passed in the Civil Rights era, & is the original act that provides FAPE for children with handicaps.
ADA	ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), a form of anti-discrimination legislation passed in 1990
The exhibition of 2 or more types of problem behaviors across different areas of functioning is known as: (a)multiple maladaptive behaviors (b)clustering (c)social maladjustment (d)conduct disorder	(b)clustering. Children with behavior disorders sometimes do not display a single behavior. They display a range of behaviors. These behaviors are usually clustered together, hence, clustering.
Truancy, gang membership, and feelings of pride in belonging to a delinquent subculture are indicative of: (a)conduct disorder (b)personality disorder (c)immaturity (d)socialized aggression	(d)socialized aggression. The student is acting out by using aggression. This gives him a sense of belonging.
Which behavioral disorder is difficult to diagnose in children because the symptoms are manifested quite differently than in adults? (a)anorexia (b)schizophrenia (c)paranoia (d)depression	(d)depression
The Premack Principle of increasing the performance of a less-preferred activity by immediately following it with a highly-preferred activity is the basis of: (a)response cost (b)token systems (c)contingency contracting (d)self-recording management	(c)contingency contracting. In an unwritten contract, the student eagerly completes the less desirable activity to obtain the reward of the more desirable activity.
A suggested amount of time for a large-group instruction lesson for a sixth- or seventh-grade group would be: (a)5 to 40 min. (b)5 to 50 min. (c)5 to 30 min. (d)5 to 15 min.	(c)5 to 30 minutes. The recommended time for large-group instruction is 5-15 min. for grades 1-5, 5-30 min. for grades 6-7, and 5-40 min. for grades 8-12.
If the arrangement in a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is 3, when will the student receive the reinforcer?	After every third correct response in a row. It produces a steady, efficient production of responses with only a slight pause after reinforcement.
As Laura continues to raise her hand to speak, the teacher would want to change from continuous reinforcement to this schedule of reinforcement in order to wean her from the reinforcement. (a)continuous (b)variable (c)intermittent (d)fixed	(d)fixed. The pattern should be a fixed ratio. This schedule of reinforcement produces a high, steady rate of responding to solidify new habits and resist extinction.
Laura has demonstrated that she has mastered the goal of raising her hand to speak; reinforcement during the maintenance phase should be: (a)continuous (b)variable (c)intermittent (d)fixed	(c)intermittent. Reinforcement should be intermittent, as the behavior is now established and needs only minimum reward for periodically for maintenance.
Justin, a second grader, is reinforced if he is on task at the end of each 10-minute block of time that the teacher observes him. This is an example of what type of schedule? (a)continuous (b)fixed interval (c)fixed rate (d)variable ratio	(b)fixed interval. 10 minutes is a fixed interval of time.
Eva had a problem with being late for class. Her teacher reinforced her each time she was in her seat when the bell rang. In Oct., her teacher decided to reward her every other day when she was not tardy to class. This reinforcement schedule would be:	Every other day is a fixed interval of time and is appropriate for making the transition to maintenance.
By Nov. Eva's teacher is satisfied w/her record of being on time and decides to change the schedule of reinforcement. The best type of reinforcement schedule for maintenance of behavior is:	Variable ratio. Variable produce behavior more resistant to extinction than continuous schedules, and ratio schedules are more resistant than intervals, so a variable ratio will help reduce the chances of extinction and maintain the behavior.
To facilitate learning, instructional objectives should be: (a)taken from a grade-level spelling list (b)written & shared (c)arranged in order of similarity (d)taken from a scope & sequence	(c)arranged in order of similarity. Object.involv. similar responses should be closely sequen; thus, the poss.for transfer is stressed. Learn. objectives that involve diff.responses should be program.w/in instruct.procedures in the most approp.way poss.
Teacher modeling, student-teacher dialogues, & peer interactions are part of which teaching technique designed to provide support during the initial stages of instruction? (a)reciprocal teaching (b)scaffolding (c)peer tutoring (d)cooperative learning	(b)scaffolding, as the name implies, provides support to assist in the early stages of new learning.
Knowledge of evaluation strategies, program interventions, & types of data are ex. of which variable for a successful consultation program? (a)people (b)process (c)procedural implementation (d)academic preparation	(b)process. Consultation programs cannot be successful without knowledge of the process.
Skills as an administrator & background in client, consulter, & consultation skills are ex.of which variable in a successful consultation program? (a)people (b)process (c)procedural implementation (d)academic preparation	(a)people. Consultation programs cannot be successful without people skills.
The ability to identify problems, generate solutions, & knowledge of theoretical perspectives of consultation are ex.of which variable in a successful consultation program? (a)people (b)process (c)procedural implementation (d)academic preparation	(c)procedural implementation. Consultation programs cannot be successful without implementation skills.
A serious hindrance to successful mainstreaming is: (a)lack of adapted materials (b)lack of funding (c)lack of communication among teachers (d)lack of support among administration	(c)lack of communication and consultation between the service providers is serious - although all choices are hindrances.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four interrelated components of positive behavioral interventions & supports (PBS)? (a)systems change activities (b)environmental alterations activ. (c)behavioral consequences activ. (d)support provision activ.	(d)support provision activities. The 4 interrelated components of PBS are: systems of change activities, environmental alterations activ., skill instruction activ., & behavioral consequence activ.
Examples of behaviors that are appropriate to be monitored by measuring frequency include all EXCEPT: (a)teasing (b)talking out (c)being on time for class (d)off task behavior	(d)off task behavior is relevant to learning because it reduces time on task or engaged time, therefore, it should be measured by duration. It is the duration of the behavior that is most important.
Criteria for choosing behaviors to measure by frequency include all BUT those that: (a)have an observable beginning (b)last a long time (c)last a short time (d)occur often	(b)last a long time. We use frequency to measure behaviors that do not last a long time, but do have observable beginnings and ends.
Criteria for choosing behaviors to measure by duration include all BUT those that: (a)last a short time (b)last a long time (c)have no readily observable beginning or end (d)don't happen often	(a)last a short time. We use duration to measure behaviors that tend to last a longer time or for which duration is the key dimension.
Data on quiet behaviors, e.g., nail biting or daydreaming, are best measured using a/an: (a)interval or time sample (b)continuous sample (c)variable sample (d)fixed-ratio sample	(a)interval or time sample is best to measure the duration of these behaviors because they are not easily noticed and it may be difficult to find beginning and ending times.
Mr.Jones wants to design an interven.for reducing Tim's sarcastic remarks. He wants to find out who/what is reinfor.Tim's remarks, so he records data on Tim's behav., as well as the attending behav.of his peers. This is an ex.of collecting data on:	Reciprocal behaviors. Tim's peers' behaviors are in response to Tim's disruptive behaviors. His behavior is related to theirs and theirs to his - a reciprocal relationship
Ms.Hall has a class of students who freq.talk out. She wishes to begin interventions w/the students who are talking out the most. She monitors the talking behav. of the entire class for 1min. samples every 1/2 hr. This is an example of collecting data on:	Single behaviors for multiple subjects. Talking out is the only behavior being observed, but she is recording it for multiple subjects.
Which of these would be the LEAST effective measure of behavioral disorders? (a)projective test (b)ecological assessment (c)achievement test (d)psychodynamic analysis	(c)achievement test. FYI...in psychology, a projective test is a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts.
Token systems are popular for all of these advantages EXCEPT: (a)rewards are easy to maintain (b)they are effective for students who general. do not respond to social reinforce. (c)tokens reinforce the relationship between desirable behav. & reinforce.	(b)rewards are easy to maintain. The ease of maintenance is not a valid reason for developing a token system.
Skilled readers use all EXCEPT which one of these knowledge sources to construct meanings beyond the literal text: (a)text knowledge (b)syntactic knowledge (c)morphological knowledge (d)semantic knowledge	(c)morphological knowledge. The student is already skilled, so morphological knowledge is already in place.
Indirect requests and attempts to influence or control others through one's use of language is an example of: (a)morphology (b)syntax (c)pragmatics (d)semantics	(c)Prag. involves the way that lang.is used to commun.& interact w/others. It's often used to control actions & attitud.of people. It's basic understanding of a communicator's intent, particu.when nonverbal signals & body lang.are present in the message.
Celia, who is in 1st grade, asked, "Where are my ball?" She also has trouble with passive sentences. Language interventions for Celia would target: (a)morphology (b)syntax (c)pragmatics (d)semantics	(b)syntax refers to the rules for arranging words to make sentences.
Sam is working to earn 1/2hr of b-ball time w/his fav.PE teach. (25pts needed). At the end of the 1/2hr, Sam marks his pt.sheet w/an X if he reached his goal of no call-outs. This is ex.of: (a)self-record. (b)self-eval. (c)self-reinfor. (d)self-reg.	(a)self-recording. Self-Monitor: choose behav. & alternatives & monitor those actions; self-eval.: decide the effectiveness of the behav. in solving the problem; self-reinforce.: telling oneself that one is capable of achieving success.
Teaching children functional skills that will be useful in their home life & neighborhoods is the basis of: (a)curriculum-based instruction (b)community-based instruct. (c)transition planning (d)functional curriculum	(b)community-based instruction.
A student with a poor self-concept may manifest in all of the ways listed below EXCEPT: (a)withdrawn actions (b)aggression (c)consistently announcing his/her achievements (d)shyness	(c)consistently announcing his/her achievements. A poor self-concept is not common in someone who boasts of his/her achievements.
Career exploration involves all of the following activities EXCEPT: (a)listening to a guest speakers (b)contextual learning activities (c)simulated work experiences (d)job shadowing	(a)listening to guest speakers. Career exploration focuses on learning about careers through direct, hands-on activities.
Career exploration includes:	In-school activ. include contextual learning activ., simulated work exper., & career fairs. Work-based exper.range from non-paid/paid activ. These activ.include job shadow., mentors, company tours, intern, serv.-learn, cooperative ed, & independent study.
The transition activ.that have to be addressed, unless the IEP team finds it uncalled for, include all BUT (a)instruction (b)volunteer opportunities (c)community experiences (d)development of objectives related to employment & other post-school areas.	(b)volunteer opportunities, although worthwhile, are not listed as one of the three transition activities that have to be addressed on a student's IEP.

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FTCE ExEd K-12 Exam